other bleeding disorders

Question 1

coagulation vs platelet function disorders

Answer 1

coagulation:
- vitamin K
- liver disease
- disseminated intravascular coagulation

platelet activation disorders:
- inherited
acquired

Question 2

signs vit K deficiency

Answer 2

Often nutritional, prolonged PT + APTT

Question 3

what issues does vitK deficiency lead to?

Answer 3

Can’t produce prothrombin, FVII, IX, X

Question 4

treatment vitK deficiency?

Answer 4

Treat with Vitamin K replacement

Question 5

why does liver disease cause bleeding issues?

Answer 5

• Difficulty producing coagulation factors and Fibrin – prolonged PT and APTT, low fibrinogen
• Less thrombopoietin – low platelets
• Also can’t produce natural anticoagulants -> balanced haemostasis despite abnormal Coag screen

Question 6

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Answer 6

both:
- excessive clotting especially in small vessels
- widespread bleeding due to a lack of factors and platelets

this occurs bc widespread clots are broken down leading to excess bleeding and depletion of factors

Question 7

Disseminated intravascular coagulation signs

Answer 7

Prolonged PT and APTT, low fibrinogen, low platelets

Question 8

causes of Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Answer 8

Triggered by malignancy, infections, major bleeding

Question 9

give 3 examples of inherited platelet function disorders

Answer 9

Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Bernard Soulier syndrome
Storage pool disorder

Question 10

give 3 examples of aquired platelet function disorders

Answer 10

Uraemia (chronic renal disease)

Myeloproliferative disorders
Often linked with high platelet numbers

Hyperglobulinaemia (e.g myeloma)
High levels of immunoglobulin interfere with platelet function