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Pharmacology Exam 1 > Other Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Other Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 Herpes virus antivirals

A

Acyclovir
Famciclovir
Valacyclovir

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2
Q

Herpes Virus antiviral MOA

A

Inhibits viral DNA synthesis.
Valacyclovir is prodrug to acyclovir.

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3
Q

Herpes Virus Antiviral SE

A

Headache, nausea

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4
Q

Herpes Virus antiviral BBW

A

None

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5
Q

Herpes Virus antiviral ADRs

A

ARF, Neurotoxicity, thrombocytopenic purpura

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6
Q

Name 3 COVID Antivirals

A

Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (Paxlovid)
Remdesivir

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7
Q

Paxlovid MOA

A

Protease inhibitor, inhibits viral replication by blocking the activity of the main protease Mpro. Ritonavir increases Nirmatrelvir levels. Ritonavir inhibits CYP3A4

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8
Q

Ritonavir special consideration

A

Strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Many DDIs

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9
Q

Paxlovid SE

A

N/D, hypertension

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10
Q

Paxlovid BBW

A

Hepatotoxicity

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11
Q

Paxlovid ADRs

A

Hepatotoxicity
Skin reactions
Altered taste

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12
Q

Remdesivir MOA

A

Adenosine nucleotide analog that inhibits viral RNA polymerases

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13
Q

Remdesivir SE

A

Nausea, elevated liver enzymes

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14
Q

Remdesivir BBW

A

None

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15
Q

Remdesivir ADRs

A

Hypotension
Respiratory failure

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16
Q

Name two influenza antivirals

A

Oseltamivir
Zanamivir

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17
Q

Flu antivirals MOA

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor that prevents release of new viral particles

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18
Q

Flu antivirals SE

A

N/V

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19
Q

Flu antivirals BBW

A

None

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20
Q

Flu antivirals ADRs

A

Severe rash

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21
Q

Name 5 antifungals

A

FIK-TV
Azoles:
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Terbinafine
Voriconazole

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22
Q

Voriconazole special consideration

A

Strong CYP3A4 inhibitor
Many DDIs

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23
Q

Azoles MOA

A

Inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme, reducing ergosterol synthesis and increasing cellular permeability.

24
Q

Azoles SE

A

N/V
Rash
Headache

25
Q

Azoles BBW

A

Hepatotoxicity
CHF
Adrenal insufficiency
Phototoxicity
No BBW for terbinafine

26
Q

Azoles ADRs

A

Hepatotoxicity
QT prolongation
HF, Liver failure

27
Q

Name the 4 Anthelmintics

A

Albendazole
Mebendazole
Ivermectin
Pyrantel pamoate

28
Q

Albendazole’s target worm

A

Roundworms
Flatworms
Flukes (trematodes).
Also used against protozoan infections such as Giardia in some cases.

29
Q

Albendazole MOA

A

Inhibits microtubule synthesis, impeding essential cellular processes.

30
Q

Albendazole SE

A

Headache
Elevated Liver enzymes

31
Q

Albendazole BBW

A

Bone Marrow suppression warning

32
Q

Albendazole ADRs

A

Hepatotoxicity

33
Q

Mebendazole Target worm

A

Pinworms
Roundworms
Hookworms

34
Q

Mebendazole MOA

A

Inhibits microtubule synthesis, impeding essential cellular processes.

35
Q

Mebendazole SE

A

D
Abd pain

36
Q

Mebendazole BBW

A

None

37
Q

Mebendazole ADRs

A

Neutropenia
Severe cutaneous reactions

38
Q

Ivermectin Target worm

A

Roundworm
Scabies mites
Lice

39
Q

Ivermectin MOA

A

Binds to glutamate-gated chloride channels in nerve and muscle cells of parasites

40
Q

Ivermectin SE

A

Pruritis
Fever

41
Q

Ivermectin BBW

A

None

42
Q

Ivermectin ADRs

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

43
Q

Pyrantel pamoate target worm

A

Pinworms (primarily)
Hookworms

44
Q

Pyrantel pamoate MOA

A

OTC
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, causing spastic paralysis of helminths

45
Q

Pyrantel pamoate SE

A

N/V

46
Q

Pyrantel pamoate BBW

A

None

47
Q

Pyrantel pamoate ADRs

A

Hypersensitivity reactions (rare)

48
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Forms free radical toxic metabolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA

49
Q

Metronidazole special considerations

A

N/V increased w/ alcohol consumption.
Disulfiram can increase toxic CNS effects of metronidazole.

50
Q

Metronidazole SE

A

Nausea
Metallic taste

51
Q

Metronidazole BBW

A

Carcinogenicity

52
Q

Metronidazole ADRs

A

Neurotoxicity
Leukopenia

53
Q

Tinidazole

A

Similar to metronidazole. Longer duration of action.

54
Q

Tinidazole SE

A

Nausea
Bitter taste

55
Q

Tinidazole BBW

A

None

56
Q

Tinidazole ADRs

A

Severe skin reactions
Neutropenia

Pharmacology Exam 1 (4 decks)

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