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Pharmacology Exam 1 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 Penicillins

A

-“cillin”
Penicillin G (IM)
Penicillin V (PO)
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate

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2
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

Binds to PBPs, inhibiting cell wall synthesis leading to cell lysis and death.

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3
Q

Penicillin common side effects

A

Diarrhea, nausea, allergy

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4
Q

Penicillin Black-Box Warnings

A

ONLY FOR AMOX/CLAV: Hepatotoxicity

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5
Q

Penicillin ADRs

A

Anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnsons

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6
Q

PNC: Cidal or Static

A

Cidal

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7
Q

Name 2 First Gen Cephalosporins

A

Cephalexin
Cefazolin (IM/IV)

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8
Q

Name 1 Second Gen Cephalosporin

A

Cefuroxime

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9
Q

Name 3 Third Gen Cephalosporins

A

“Cef”-
Cefdinir
Cefpodoxime
Ceftriaxone (IM/IV)

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10
Q

MOA of Cephalosporins

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to PBPs

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11
Q

Differences between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Gen Cephalosporins

A

Gram-Positive Coverage: Decreases from 1st to 3rd generation.
Gram-Negative Coverage: Increases from 1st to 3rd generation.
Anaerobic Coverage: Mainly in some 2nd generation cephalosporins.

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12
Q

Are cephalosporins bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

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13
Q

Common SE of cephalosporins

A

N/V/D, Allergic reactions,

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14
Q

BBW of Cephalosporins

A

ONLY for Ceftriaxone: Biliary Sludging

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15
Q

ADRs of Cephalosporins

A

Allergic reactions, Nephritis, Hepatitis

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16
Q

Name 2 Fluoroquinolones

A

-“floxacin”
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin

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17
Q

Fluoroquinolones special considerations

A

Dairy products/antacids interfere w/ GI absorption

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18
Q

MOA of fluoroquinolones

A

Fluoroquinolones cause breaks in the bacterial DNA, disrupting DNA replication by inhibiting bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

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19
Q

SE of fluoroquinolones

A

N/V/D, Dizziness, Headache

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20
Q

BBW of fluoroquinolones

A

Tendonitis, Tendon rupture

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21
Q

ADRs of fluoroquinolones

A

Tendon rupture, QT prolongation

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22
Q

Name 3 Macrolides

A

-“mycin”
Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin

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23
Q

Erythromycin/Clarithromycin special considerations

A

Both strong inhibitors of CYP enzymes, many DDI. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) should be stopped d/t risk of severe myopathy and/or rhabdo

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24
Q

MOA of Macrolides

A

Bind to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis for growth and reproduction.

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25
Q

SE of Macrolides

A

N/V/D, Abd pain

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26
Q

BBW of macrolides

A

ONLY Clarithromycin: Hepatotoxicity

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27
Q

ADRs of macrolides

A

QT Prolongation, Hepatotoxicity

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28
Q

Macrolides: Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

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29
Q

Clindamycin MOA

A

Bind to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis for growth and reproduction.

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30
Q

SE of clindamycin

A

N/D, Rash

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31
Q

BBW of clindamycin

A

Colitis

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32
Q

ADRs of clindamycin

A

Increased risk of C. diff infection

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33
Q

Name 1 Oxazolidinone

A

Linezolid

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34
Q

MOA of Linezolid

A

Bind to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing formation of a functional 70S initiation complex. This prevents the early stages of protein synthesis.

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35
Q

SE of Linezolid

A

Diarrhea, Headache, Myelosuppression

36
Q

BBW of Linezolid

A

Myelosuppression

37
Q

ADRs of Linezolid

A

Peripheral and optic neuropathy

38
Q

Linezolid: Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic, but can be bactericidal to certain susceptible organisms at high doses.

39
Q

Name the big 3 UTI treatment Abx.

A

Nitrofurantoin
Sulfamethoxazole/ Trimethoprim
Fosfomycin

40
Q

Nitrofurantoin MOA

A

Prodrug that activated by nitroreductase enzymes once inside the cell. Inhibits multiple targets including cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, and DNA synthesis.

41
Q

Nitrofurantoin: Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

42
Q

Nitrofurantoin SE

A

Nausea, headache, pulm reactions

43
Q

Nitrofurantoin BBW

A

None

44
Q

Nitrofurantoin ADRs

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity

45
Q

Nitrofurantoin: Cidal or Static

A

Cidal

46
Q

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim MOA

A

Inhibits bacterial folate synthesis at two different points

47
Q

TMP-SMZ SE

A

Nausea, rash, hyperkalemia

48
Q

TMP-SMZ BBW

A

Severe skin reactions, blood disorders

49
Q

TMP-SMZ ADRs

A

Stevens-Johnsons, agranulocytosis

50
Q

TMP-SMZ: Cidal or Static

A

Cidal

51
Q

Fosfomycin MOA

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by blocking a precursor

52
Q

Fosfomycin SE

A

N/V/D, headache

53
Q

Fosfomycin BBW

A

None

54
Q

Fosfomycin ADRs

A
55
Q

Fosfomycin: Cidal or Static

A

Cidal

56
Q

Name 2 primary Tetracylcines

A

-“cycline”
Doxycycline
Tetracycline

57
Q

Tetracycline special considerations

A

Dairy/antacids interfere w/ GI absorption.

58
Q

Tetracycline MOA

A

Binds to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis

59
Q

Tetracycline SE

A

Nausea, diarrhea, PHOTOSENSITIVITY

60
Q

Tetracycline BBW

A

None

61
Q

Tetracycline ADRs

A

Tooth discoloration, esophageal irritation, hepatotoxicity

62
Q

Tetracycline: Cidal or Static?

A

Static

63
Q

Name 1 Glycopeptide

A

Vancomycin

64
Q

Vanco MOA

A

Binds to D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursor, inhibiting cell wall synthesis

65
Q

Vanco SE

A

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, red man syndrome

66
Q

Vanco BBW

A

None

67
Q

Vanco ADRs

A

Anaphylaxis, thrombophlebitis

68
Q

Vanco: Cidal or Static?

A

Cidal

69
Q

Name the 4 Antimycobacterials

A

Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

70
Q

Rifampin MOA

A

Inhibits RNA polymerase, disrupting bacterial DNA synthesis

71
Q

Rifampin SE

A

Orange discoloration of body fluids, hepatotoxicity

72
Q

Rifampin BBW

A

Hepatotoxicity

73
Q

Rifampin ADRs

A

Flu-like symptoms, hepatotoxicity

74
Q

Isoniazid MOA

A

Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids, essential for cell wall synthesis.

75
Q

Isoniazid SE

A

Peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity

76
Q

Isoniazid BBW

A

Hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy

77
Q

Isoniazid ADRs

A

Hepatitis, optic neuritis

78
Q

Pyrazinamide MOA

A

Disrupts mycobacterial cell membrane metabolism and transport functions.

79
Q

Pyrazinamide SE

A

Hepatotoxicity, non-gouty polyarthralgia

80
Q

Pyrazinamide BBW

A

Hepatotoxicity

81
Q

Pyrazinamide ADRs

A

Hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity

82
Q

Ethambutol MOA

A

Inhibits arabinosyl transferases involved in cell wall biosynthesis.

83
Q

Ethambutol SE

A

Optic neuritis, red-green color blindness

84
Q

Ethambutol BBW

A

None

85
Q

Ethambutol ADRs

A

Optic neuritis, peripheral neuropathy

Pharmacology Exam 1 (4 decks)

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