other Flashcards
pressure of left renal vein is due to
can cause –>
- due to compression between aorta + SMA (NUTCRACKER EFFECT)
- can cause hematuria, flank pain, varicocele
it can be compressed between aorta + SMA
- 3rd (transverse) portion of duodenum
2. left renal vein
Left renal vein course
longer, posterior to splenic vein, cross in front of the aorta
ureter arterial supply
proximal: renal
distal: superior vesical
middle: variable + anastomotic
inferior phrenic arteries supply
branch of aorta –> diaphragm + provide branches to adrenals
common comlplication of renal transplantation
in renal transplantation, the renal artery is connected with external iliac artery (the distal is susceptible to ischemia esp 10 days after transplantation)
arteries to horseshoe kidney
multiple accessory renal arteries
urge incontinence - triggers
running water, hand washing, cold
central DI is due to
permanent: damage of hypothlamic nuclei
transient: damage of posterior hypophisis/infundibular
liver - posterior ribs
renal - posterior rbs
Spleen
8-11
11-12
9-11
Kidney location
- T12-L3
- right is lower (because of the liver)
- left is slightly larger
horizontal fissure of right lobe - location
4th rib anterior
cronh increases the risk of oxalate kidney stones - mechanism
normallu dietery clacium binds to dietary oxalate, producing insoluble calcium oxalte promoting fecal exretion
in crohn –> lipid is not absorbed –> bind to ca –> increased oxalate absorption –> renal stones
tumor that produce PTHrP
- SCC (eg. lung, head, neck
- renal + bladder
- Ovarian
- Breast
location of uric acid precipitation when uric cristals obstruct renal tubular lumen
collecting drugs due to low pH
how to discriminate kidney transplant rejection from immunosupressant drugs mediated nephropathy
biopsy (drugs reduce blood flow + cause direct damage to renal endothelial + tubular cells –>arteriolar hyalinization + tubular vacuolization
Hepatorenal syndrome - gross of renal
normal size + shape
MCC of calcium kidney stone disease
idiopathic hypercalciuria (normocalcemia)
metabolic alkalosis - next step for diagnosis
measure urine Cl-
porphyria urine
red –> after 24h exposure to light + air –> black
urine incontinence in MS
bladder hypertonia (UMN lesion) –> as the disease progresses –> bladder become atonic + dilated –> overflow incontinence
antibacterial defence of bladder
- urine flow washes
- urine is bacteriocidal
- mucosa does not allow bacterial attachment
urine in rhabdomyolisis
- but zero RBCs in urinanalisis blood in urine dipstic
- urine dipstic detects heme (NOT RBCs)
IgA neuropathy - age
children
thiazide using in Nephrogenic DI
indomethacin use in Nephrogenic DI
thiazide: induce mild hypovolemia –> increases proximal tubule sodium + water reabsorption
indomethacin: decreases synthesis of prostagladin WHICH inhibit ADH action
characteristic of drugs that eliminated from liver instead of renal
high lipophicility
amphotericin mediated anemia - mechanism
suppression of renal EPO synthesis (more severe in HIV with zidovudine)
niacin mediated gout
decrease renal excretion of uric acid
thiazide mediated hyperglycemia + hypercholesterolemia
decreased insulin secretion + resistance
clonidine, β-blockers, thiazides - in pregnancy
clonidine - safe but 2nd line
β-blockers - safe
thiazides - fetal thrombocytopenia + jundice, but safe (you can continue, but not start)
