Other

Question 0

Virulence factor

Answer 0

The properties that enable a pathogen to establish infection disease

Question 1

Virulence

Answer 1

Likely hood of cause disease

Question 2

Opportunistic pathogen

Answer 2

Normal bacteria causes disease

Question 3

Bands

Answer 3

Immature neutrophils

Question 4

Segment

Answer 4

Mature neutrophils

Question 5

Left shift

Answer 5

Increase bands

Question 6

Chemotherapy

Answer 6

Drug inhibit cell growth

Question 7

Antibacterial

Answer 7

Chemotherapy agent direct against Bactria

Question 8

Antibiotic

Answer 8

Antibacterial derived from natural product

Question 9

Antimicrobial

Answer 9

Encompasses antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic

Question 10

Prophylactic therapy

Answer 10

Prevent infection

Question 11

Empiric therapy

Answer 11

Antimicrobial for Pt w/ proven or suspected infection, but not identified organisms

Cover common disease cause bacteria

Question 12

Definitive therapy

Answer 12

Target specific pathogen

Question 13

Sign

Answer 13

Objective information that can be measure

Question 14

Symptoms

Answer 14

Subjective to only the patient

Question 15

Infection sign

Answer 15

Fever: oral 38.3 /101 or 38 longer than 1hr
Rectal .4C higher
35 or lower associated with very high mortality

Question 16

Infection lab

Answer 16

WBC
Leukocytosis > 12
Leukopenia < 3 poor outcomes

Lymphocytes increase in acute decrease in HIV
Increase ESR,CRP, PROCALCITONIN

Question 17

Gram stain

Answer 17

Purple +
Pink -
Purple, iodine, wash, pink

Question 18

Blood culture (BCX)

Answer 18

2 sets 2bottle each 2 place
8-10ml
2-5 days

Question 19

Urine culture (UCX)

Answer 19

UCX: bacteria >=10^5 cfu/ml diagnostic for asymptomatic bacteriuria

UA should be performed with each UCX
UA bacteria of > 1000 WBC >50
Presence of nitrites, leukocyte esterase

Question 20

Respiratory culture

Answer 20

Less than 10 epithelial cell

> 25 PMN or >10WBC

Question 21

MIC

Answer 21

Lowest concentration to prevent visible growth after 24 hr of incubation

Question 22

MBC

Answer 22

Lowest concentration for prevent 99.9% growth

Question 23

Bacteristatic (definition)

Answer 23

MBC/MIC >4

Question 24

Bactericidal (definition)

Answer 24

MBC/MIC <=4

Question 25

Tolerant

Answer 25

MBC/MIC >32

Question 26

Conjugation

Answer 26

Transfer of a plasmid -mediated antibiotic resistant gene through direct bacterial contact and formation of a pilus

Question 27

Transformation

Answer 27

Uptake of naked DNA from the surrounding environment

Question 28

Transduction

Answer 28

Acquisition of an antibiotic resistant gene from a bacteriophage that infected another bacteria

Question 29

Enzymatic inactivation of bacteria

Answer 29

BL

Question 30

Decrease permeability

Answer 30

AG, BL, FQs

Question 31

Altered target site

Answer 31

BL, Vancomycin, FQ

Question 32

Efflux

Answer 32

AG, FQ

Question 33

PK

Answer 33

Body does to the drug A D M E

Question 34

PD

Answer 34

What drug does to the body XXX/MIC

Question 35

Extended infusion

Answer 35

MAX TIME DEPENDENT

Question 36

Extended interval

Answer 36

MAX CONCENTRATION DEPENDED

Question 37

PAE

Answer 37

Delay bacteria regrowth after antibiotic fall below MIC PALE>PAE