Other Flashcards
Interstitial nephritis
Caused by reaction to medication - antibiotics
Investigations - WBC in urine, haematuria, RBC casts
Hyperkalaemia
Symptoms
Arrhythmias
Peaked T waves
Hypercalcaemia
Symptoms
Moans, groan and stones
Hypocalcaemia
Symptoms
Carpopedal spasm, tingling lips
Hypokalaemia
Symptoms
Muscle weakness, myalgia, and muscle cramps, constipation, flaccid paralysis, hyporeflexia, rhabdomyolysis and respiratory depression
Hyponatraemia
Symptoms
Nausea and vomiting, headache, short-term memory loss, confusion, lethargy, fatigue, loss of appetite, restlessness, irritability, muscle weakness, spasms or cramps, seizures, decreased consciousness or coma, encephalopathy
Hyponatraemia
Causes
Hypervolaemic hyponatraemia - nephrotic syndrome, CHF, cirrhosis
Euvolaemic hyponatraemia - SIADH, hypothyroidism
Hypovolaemic hyponatraemia - vomiting, diarrhoea, diuretics, Addisons and CAH
Hypernatraemia
Causes
Dehydration
Hypernatraemia
Symptoms
Lethargy, weakness, irritability, neuromuscular excitability, and oedema, seizures and coma
Hyperkalaemia
Causes
ARF, chronic kidney disease
Addisons
ACEi
T1DM
Hypokalaemia
Causes
GI loss - diarrhoea, perspiration
Urinary loss
DKA
Hypercalcaemia
Causes
Primary hyperparathyroidism Lithium use Malignancy Vit D intoxication Hyperthyroidism
Hypocalcaemia
Causes
Hypoparathyroidism
Eating disorders
Acute renal failure
Alkalosis
Triple Whammy
Hyponatremia or hyperkalemia
AKI
Cardiac failure
Hypercalcaemia
ECT
Widened T waves
Short QT interval
