Other

Question 1

What drug is used to treat the symptoms of chemotherapy?

Answer 1

Ondansentron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Along with Granisetron and Dolasetron.

Question 2

What type of acid-base disturbance do salicylates intoxications cause?

Answer 2

Begins as a respiratory alkalosis (minutes) but progresses to a metabolic acidosis (hours).

Question 3

What molecule is an allosteric activator in gluconeogenesis from pyruvate?

Answer 3

Acetyl-CoA activates Pyruvate carboxylase which allows Pyruvate to go to Oxaloacetate.

Question 4

What are the other two species of Staphylococcus aside from Aureus? How are they distinguished?

Answer 4

Epidermidis (Novobiocin sensitive) infects valves and devices. Saprophyticus (Novobiocin resistant) causes UTI in young sexually active women.

Question 5

What is the most likely etiology of paraneoplastic symptoms? (hint: it’s not endocrine)

Answer 5

Autoimmune cross-reactivity between tumor and host.

Question 6

Formula for half-life given Cl and Vd

Answer 6

t1/2 = Vd * ln2 / Cl = Vd * 0.7 / Cl

Question 7

What are the P450 Inducers?

Answer 7

Modafenil (Mama)
Barbiturates (barb)
Rifampin (refuses)
Griseofulvin (greasy)
Carbamazepine (carbs)
St. John's Wort (and steals)
Phenytoin (PhenFen)
Chronic EtOH (chronically.)

Question 8

What are the P450 Inhibitors?

Answer 8

Macrolides
Amnioderone
Grapefuit Juice
Isoniazid
Cimetadine
Ritonavir (all -navirs)
Acute EtOh
Ciprofloxacin
Ketoconazole (all azoles)
Sulfa drugs
Gemfibrozil
Quinedine
(MAGIC RACKS and GQ)

Question 9

What are the most common food sources of E Coli?

Answer 9

Undercooked beef or unpasteurized beef

Question 10

What is the only laryngeal muscle not innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 10

Cricothyroid, which is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve coming from the vagus nerve.

Question 11

What is the sequence of proteins involved in base excision repair repair?

Answer 11

Glycosylase removes the altered base. Endonuclease and lyase cleave the 5’ and 3’ ends. DNA pol. Ligase.

Question 12

Which step in the TCA cycle requires thiamine? (Not the one outside of it)

Answer 12

alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase complex. alpha-ketogluterate to Succinyl-CoA. It also requires CoA, Biotin, NAD+, FAD and Lipoic Acid.

Question 13

What happens when you give IV glucose to thiamine deficient patients?

Answer 13

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy. Give the thiamine first.

Question 14

Assuming 1st order kinetics, how many half lives does it take for an IV infusion to reach 95% of the steady state concentration?

Answer 14

4 to 5 half lives.

Question 15

Explain the Nasal Transpepithelial Voltage Difference test for CF?

Answer 15

Since Cl cannot be excreted on the mucus neither can Na. Extra Na in the cytosol causes more Na/K transport and thus the cell becomes more negative.

Question 16

What is the mechanism of action of Cyclosporin and tricholismus?

Answer 16

The inhibit Calcineurin. Calcineurin activates Nuclear Factor of Activeted T Cells (NFAT) which enters the nucleus and promotes IL-2.

Question 17

What three things are included in a DNR order?

Answer 17

No intubation or mechanical ventilation
No cardioversion (chemical or electrical)
No chest compressions