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1
Q

UK AV Referendum

A

Campaigns were uninspiring

complicated to understand

68% voted to keep FPTP

42% turnout

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2
Q

pro of referendum

A

referendum have shown a clear public stance on an issue

there was low engagement

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3
Q

What acts established that there would be no removal of devolved parliements without referdums

A

The Scotland act 2016 and the Wales act 2017

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4
Q

SNP 2015

A

50% of the vote

56/59 parliament seats

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5
Q

Reasons for calling a refendum

A

constitutional changes

political forces

parts of the govt

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6
Q

what was the most correlated factor for voting in 2019

A

age but fewer than 55% voted (18-24%)

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7
Q

Class dealignment

A

1980 onwards

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8
Q

Theories for voter choice

A

rational choice

issue voting (single issue like migration)

Valance voting

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9
Q

Supplementary vote

A

usted to be used for mayoral elections and Police and Crime commissioners

needs 50% of the vote to win
single member constituencies
all but non top 2 second choices were reallocated

this increases legitimacy and voters can support third candidates first

this isnt proportional and poses a challenge or minor parties and there was wasted votes

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10
Q

Proportional STV

A

used in Scottish local elections

seats distributed by % of votes
large multimember constituencies
order prefaced
Results distributed

proportional votes can support minor parties
greatest choice

coalition governments are likely
weaker constituency link
complex compex system
complex voting process

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11
Q

Mixed- AMS

A

used for London assembly

some sears are done with PR and some are proportionally representative

regal list seats represent larger constituencies

D’hont forumla is used

this is more proportional
vote for minor parties
split ticket voting

2 classes of elected
this is very complex

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12
Q

participation crisis

A

25% and 15% turnout for police and crime commissioner

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13
Q

Freedom of information act 2000

A

Allowed FOI

allows pressure groups to scrutinise
removes government secrecy
act significant in bringing MP’s expense scandal to light

can refuse which is a weaknesses

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14
Q

Fixed term parliaments act

A

past in 2010
weekend power of the PM to call a GE
Repealed in 2022
advantages enabled government to work with stability

was passed for political releceas
failed to protect the liberal democrats
boris and may both called and held an election anyway

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15
Q

The const well defends rights

A

rights are explicitly defended
courts are used to defend rights

unlikely for any govt to wish to remove all rights

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16
Q

The const poorly defends rights

A

loopholes and gaps

unmodified and inaccessible

no rights are entrenched

in theory parliament could replace law

no benifit from EU ECHR

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17
Q

individual rights

A

rights held by specific individuals

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18
Q

collective rights

A

rights groups have

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19
Q

Chief Whip

A

Alan Cambell

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20
Q

How many HOL members are there

A

854

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21
Q

When was the last successful vote of no confidence

A

1979

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22
Q

Pros and Cons of PMQ’s

A

Pro

allows questions to the prime minister
expose weakness
keep pm on edge
allow MP’s to critisise and scrutinise

Con
media image of round and lous
most questions are political attacks

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23
Q

Arguments for devolution

A

bring equality
decisions closer to people
English parliament would resolve the West Lothian question

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24
Q

arguments against

A

lack of national idenitiry for england
no suspect for such a measure
cost and beuorcracy
electoral reform

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25
Ultra Vires
everyone subject to the law
26
JIC
judicial appointments commission all new judges are appointed in this way
27
cabinet committee
European exit and trade committee national security council
28
how many spads was there in 2021
113
29
Who was sacked over grade scandal
Johnathon Slater who was a civil servant was sacked over grades rather than gave w resigning
30
Core executive
prime minister and the cabinet office and the senior cicil servants
31
Patranige
powers of appointment
32
Cabinet collective responisbliey
All cabinet ministers support the decisions of the government in public
33
How long does the government have to respond to a select committee report
60 days
34
how many committee recommendations are accepted
40%
35
What is the salary of a select committee chair
that of a junior minister
36
how many opposition days are there
20 17 go the official opposition
37
What happens if the lords reject a bill outright
the parliament act is invoked and becomes law within 1 year
38
Additional roles of peers
- specialist insight in debates - maintaining interpendace - revising legislation
39
peer who resigned
lord ashcroft
40
Inequalities resulting from devolution
those earning >150,000 will pay 1% more tac in Scotland prescriptions are free in Wales
41
Disadvantages of direct democracy
peoples understanding of the question majority may vote to undermine minority populist or selfish short term decision expensive and short
42
Pluralism (yes)
- focus on 1 issue which may not be interesting - more participation - increase than parties - info and statistics - unions need 50% of return of ballots and 40% yes to strike
43
NO pluralism
louder voices to minotry limited democracy unaccountable to the electorate new right interpreted that direct action was an attempt to undermine the state
44
other inflences on the government
- think tanks -lobbyists -co-oprotations - media
45
pluralism
a situations in which differnt groups include pressure groups compete for power and inflence. power is therefore spaced across these group- this is the opposite of the electorate
46
background campaign
long term education and propaganda campaign designed to produce significant shifts in public opinion
47
factors determining success of a pressure group
- membership - respourcres - aims - public support - methods - endorsement - political links - links with the govt - media relationships - legal victories
48
How many members foes the BMA Have
160.000
49
Promotional interest group
promote specifici causes
50
interest groups
defend individual groups in society
51
access points
- parliament - government - parties - local govt - courts
52
when was the last time it was labour or the tories not in power
q1922
53
share of seats by major parties
tories and labour in 2019- 87% 2024- 86.4%
54
how many members unite the union
1.4 million members
55
factors affecting electoral outcome
- leader - funding - policies - record - media - election campaign - overton window - electoral systems
56
political parties and elections across 2009
increase requirements for source of political donations allowed elecotral commission to investigate
57
media in 2019 election
Sun called JC- Most Dangerous Man to Ever stand for high office in Britain' Son wot won it in 1992
58
short money
state funding of political parties in house of commons to cover admin costs
59
Cranborne money
state funding to opposition parties in the HOL
60
Policy development grants
any party with 2 or more MP's which is associates share of 2m
61
Liberal democrats policy making progress
federal policy committee selects policies to pit to the part of the conference conference voters on all policies
62
2010-19
conservative 'leaders group' which is a group of wealthy donors who donated £130 million to tories 20% gained peerages
63
how much did unions give to labour for its GE in 2019
93%
64
how many years in the 1900 did conservatives spend in government
67 years
65
one nation conservatism
policies aimed at appealing to all
66
which leader lost seat in 2019
Jo Swinson liberal leader lost her seat in 2019
67
Tory or Lib version of the NEC
Labour's NEC- the board of the conservative party Liberal Democrat federal board
68
Ajournemnt debate
end of day's buisness no vote or decision raise issue led by a single MP minister responds 30 mins members get direct response form minsiters
69
Emergency debates
MP apply to speak Explain why urgent SPK has to agree house votes on only if its allowed held on the same or on the next day law isnt binding can raise pressure on government
70
Redress of grievance
constituents bring issues to MP's MP's raise issues to parliemtn government then responds
71
How many minsters are there
119 ministres 22 cabinet ministers ministers of starte parliamentary under secretaries whips law offices
72
how many unions affiliated
11
73
Gavin Williamson
shuffled out of education in 2021 (sept) over grades
74
Programme motions
passed usualy after the passage of a bill states how long a bill needs to be debated for limits oppostion delay this requires a vote often used on government bills
75
Public accounts committee
scrutinises public spending audits reports holds govt to account recommendations chaired by an opposition MP
76
Early day motions
formally submitted by MP's essentially petitions these are non legislative Can be argued to be political graffiti can be used to put things on record some are used to condemn government policy
77
Topical questions
questions to ministers during ministerial question time not seen In advance relevant to the moment
78
Process of select committee chairs selection
MP's need the nomination of 15 other MP's election in a secret ballot ranked first choice usually happens at the start of the parliemtn
79
David Camerons big society
shift power from central government to individuals this enhances civic engagement public sector reforms
80
2014 gagging law
statutory register of lobbyists is needed restricts how much a third party can spend on a candidate trade unions regulated and needed to keep closer eye on members
81
Barnett formula
mechanism to show how change funds can be shared to disrubte changing the UK's government spending this makes it easier and hassle free to change spending without faffing
82
Ouster clauses
these are clauses which seek to prevent courts from reviewing certain deicisos or actions
83
valance issues
most people agree that it is an issue parties compete on competency
84
salient issues
how important issues are to people media has three ways of influence - direct - reinforcment - framing
85
arguments that devolution hasn't worked
2014 independence referendum was very close tensions are high in NI england is the only country not to have a devolved assembly local government has limited powers for revenue raising
86
structure of the lib dems
members belong to a local, regional and national party regional board brings all together
87
party membership
200,000 tory members 370,000 labour members 86,000 Lib members 224,000 members
88
Tory leader selection
parliamentary party votes on candidates, 1 removed each round until 2 remain party members select winnerl
89
labour leader selection
20% PLP, 5% local parties and %trade union members then vote
90
registered supporters
allowed to pay £3 (later rose to £25) to vote in leadership election. this was removed by KS
91
Blairs wimmen
labour trialed AWL in 1993 and elected 101 wimmen in 1997
92
has the uk breached the ECHR
it has when it ruled that opposite sex couples were able to enter a civil partnership
93
has devolution worked- yes
scotland voted to remain powers of devolved assemblies expanded since 1999 peace in NI greater power

UK Politics and Government (13 decks)

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