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Fall 2023 > OT Exam 3: Lectures Non Book > Flashcards

OT Exam 3: Lectures Non Book Flashcards

1
Q

Who were the prophets?

A

Messengers between God and People

Bring God’s word to the people

Sometimes bring the people’s word to God

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2
Q

Types of Prophets

A

Former Prophets:
Jewish Cannon considered Josh, Judges, 1&2Sam, 1&2kings

Latter Prophets: what we consider prophets except Daniel

Pre-literary: Abraham, Moses, Nathan, Elijah, Elisha - no book named for them…

Literary: latter prophets

Pre-Exilic: before 722 & before 587
Post-Exilic: after 722 and after 587

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3
Q

Pre Exilic Prophets(10)

A

Isaiah 1-39, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah

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4
Q

Exilic or Post Exilic Prophets(6)

A

Isaiah 44-66, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

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5
Q

Prophets Message

A

1- People have sinned
2 - Sin is grievous
3 - God’s judgement is coming
4 - Even amid judgement- not all is hopeless.

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6
Q

Isaiah Key Themes

A

1) Zion is God’s home: another name for Jerusalem

2) God works through anointed rulers and world empires
Assyria - 50x
King - 91x

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7
Q

Isaiah Strategy

A

Three Books

First Isaiah(1-39) Isaiah of Jerusalem /Proto-Isaiah
8th century
Assyrians/Judgement

Second Isaiah(40-55) Isaiah of Exile /Deutero-Isaiah
mid 6th century
Babylon/Hope

Third Isaiah(56-66) Isaiah of the Return/Trito-Isaiah
Persia/deals with struggles from return

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8
Q

Who is Heschel?

A

Jewish interpreter
Friend of Martin Luther

Gods suffering is different than human suffering

We are not alone in our suffering but God is right with us in suffering.

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9
Q

Terry Fretheim

A

Middle Ground

Similarities of God and human suffering

God suffers because of people’s rejection

God suffers with people who suffer

God carries for people on their behalf

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10
Q

Walter Bruggemann

A

God and humans suffer alike

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11
Q

Difference for scholars(6)

A

Passion
Wrath
Fidelity
Mutability
Metaphor
Texts

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12
Q

God and Humanity are not the same

A

Heschel

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13
Q

God and humanity are the similar

A

Bruggeman

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14
Q

God and humans have some similarities and some differences

A

Fretheim

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15
Q

Passion

A

God is not passionate - overwhelmed or embittered. - H

God is of great passions but doesn’t go overboard. - F

Wholly overboard in passion, potentially wide and dangerous. - B

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16
Q

Wrath

A

Gods anger is never regarded by the prophets as inscrutable or unaccountable. -H

Gods wrath entirely contingent upon responsive to human wickedness. In service for life for the ultimate good of others. -F

One never knows if Yahweh is a loose cannon - unaccountable and ominous. - B

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17
Q

Faithfulness - fidelity

A

Even in moments of indignation. ‘Gods remains alive’- H

Precisely in order to be faithful, God must Judge. - f

Yahweh’s failure to adhere to Covenant, complete absence and lack faithful. - b

18
Q

Mutability - can God change?

A

Revelation means, God isn’t making himself known but Gods will known. Gods will may change, but Gods essences. - H

On the one hand - God will be steadfast, love, saving will, faithful to promises.. on the other hand - God will move with the world. God is both mutable and immutable… topic under discussion. - F

Yaweh redecides in the midst of crisis, hot to be Yahweh and who to be as Yahweh. - B

19
Q

Anthropomorphisms - human metaphors..

A

Projecting human qualities into God is blasphemy and prophets only use these to show the true deity of God. - H

No real or essential relationship between the metaphor and God. The images used for God really do say something about God but they do break down at some point - F

Yahew negativity, failure,

20
Q

Jeremiah 12:7-15

A

What drove God too this affliction and Gods mourning because of Israel’s desertion. Explaining Gods behavior - H

Acknowledges both Gods hate and abandonment.. affirming the hate but out of love for a long term future. F

Lord withdraws fidelity and truly leaves Israel’s. - B

21
Q

How do approach scholars on Gods Passion..

A

Avoid harm to people

Avoid overemphasizing or exaggerating biblical images about anger or wrath.

Silencing people who feel harmed by God.

22
Q

Do no harm to the Bible

A

Gods love is always mentioned near depictions of Gods wrath.

Amos ends on a hopeful note

Balanced chapters.. of Hope and judgement

Even on a macro level - God is not incapacitated by his suffering or wrath and can act with compassion.

23
Q

Three examples of invisible whiteness

A

1) language requirements for field of study
2) contextual interpretation
3) scholar meetings are by and large white men… white perspectives of the Pentateuch.. vs the Pentateuch

24
Q

Three scientific focus of euro biblical studies

A

Oldest respective journal is
Journal of the Old Testament Science

Scientific assumptions - test hypothesis, exacting judgements

Skeptical about the supernatural - opposed to main claim of the text…

25
Q

History preference

A

Source Criticism - authorship importance? Not in Near Ancient world

Started to matter - Greek/Romans
Copywriting matters now - value

Ad fontes - to the source… not just the words but who wrote the word and what was their source..

Original audience - and who were the authors, who wrote, to whom did they write, this gives enlightenment to what originally meant…

Apply enough rational thought, everything will come to the light.

26
Q

Redaction Criticism

A

How were original authors vs. editors

History and authorship - focus it never came to what is this demanding of me.

Church is in love with culture - fundamentalists and those were not.

Not how to encounter or makes demands on our lives. Hypothetical editors/authors…

27
Q

Biblical Theology - history

A

The acts of God in history

  Skepticism ruled the day 
  
  Never clear if God ever did anything…
28
Q

Good things about redaction criticism

A

Deeper understanding of languages and text…

Beyond simplistic notions of authorship

Diversity in the Bible’s

Valuable lessons about biblical culture

Come to light with its own limitations

29
Q

Negatives of historical emphasis..

A

Uber focused on history

Skepticism that incongruent with the text

Speculative

Demands of claims of the text

Status Quo- applying current culture to text instead of texts culture to modern culture

30
Q

Trinetarian Approach

A

God three in one.. the OT tells about God the Father Jesus is taking about in the Gospels. The Holy Spirit is depicted in the epistles.

31
Q

Marcion approach

A

Get rid of OT

God of OT is not living and focuses on justice and ruin

Jesus is the loving God - Luke and snippets of 10 books from Paul.

32
Q

2 covenants

A

OT is one covenant with God andIsrael Jesus brings a new covenant with humanity

Pros - Jesus tells us about this covenant at the Lords Table

Cons - lots of covenants in OT

33
Q

Allegorical approach

A

Symbolically look beyond themselves to a future reality.

Origin Scholar - sarah is virtue, philistine want virtue, can’t have access because you need Jesus…

Pros-
NT authors use allegory -

Parables - Isaiah, genesis

Cons
Not every text can invite readers to be allegory..

They are not self evident.

Devalues the OT text because you are looking for different meaning.

34
Q

Progressive revalation

A

God does not reveal everything all at once.

Overtime God reveals divine self and bits and pieces.

Clearest revelation is NT incarnation.

Eichrodt- NT is top idea of God, OT medium ideas, old other religions bad

Yancey - points to Jesus

We cannot comprehend the complexity of God.

Limitations - old is not as trustworthy… Freeing slaves but then NT says to submitting to masters… Disconnect!!!

Does God reach the high point in the NT? We are little Christ?

More true with Q’uran, or Book of Mormon?

Implications - in this scheme - OT would not be necessary, just a record of a primitive way of thinking about God.

Faith in evolution not in God… humans are getting better and we are building it here on earth.

Do not assume older material is less important… and that God is all revealed on page 1

35
Q

Dispensationalism

A

God relates to differently to humanity at different times.

Dispensation of Mosaic Law

Dispensation of Grace

Dispensation of Millenium reign

It is ok chapters in the over arching story?

Deuteronomic theology -

Too far to say God acts differently… not clear cut..

Grace is in the OT - forgiveness is not a NT idea…

NT not abundant in grace - hell, pain and gnashing of teeth(judgement).

Jonah - God is showing grace to Assyrians, Jonah is mad and wants the law.

Containers are overly simplistic..

OT would have little value because it is was from a by gone age.

36
Q

Jesus at the center of the Old Testament

A

Brevard - JC is the subject matter of the OT…

Barth - OT witnesses to JC

Is this first and foremost? No
Messiah texts.. even calling evil kings messiah… ruling politically.

Jesus talked of spiritual kingdom…

Jews do not expect Jesus - unexpected

If we are focusing on Jesus - NT is better and unclear that OT would be a passing notice.

Jesus becomes the most important part of the Trinity…. But an acting thing when we emphasize Jesus.

37
Q

African American Interpretation

A

Never had the luxury of toying with the Bible while doing nothing with us claims for a just society.

38
Q

African American Interpretation

A

1) I want to interpret the Bible with a community who brings the Bible into conversation with pain.

2) Demanding and sacrificial text - no better example than the civil rights movement.
Turn the other cheek…

3) AA offers a refuge from attitudes European scholarship that have always bothered me.

4) I am blown away by their creativity, insight and knowledge of scriptures, and connections they make with the real needs of the real world.

5) AA experiences makes the Bible come to life in new ways.

39
Q

Eulogy of bombing in Birmingham

A

Must not become bitter and must not retaliate.. loose faith in people ‘turn the other cheek’

Most misguided can learn to respect the dignity of all humanity

40
Q

What to the Slave is the Fourth of July

A

Points out the irony and offense of asking him to speak.

Celebrating freedom in the context a country that practices slavery

Drawing a direct line between white Americans and slavery of American like Babylon and Zion
Psalms 137 -

41
Q

The Middle Passage

A

Europeans bought slaves and shipped to americas and good were transported back to Europe

Slave ships were inhumane and conditions were abhorrent, shekels, whips, mussels..

Exile and lamentations

One day God will set things right…

The Bible connects with people who are struggling..

Fall 2023 (14 decks)

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