OT Exam 3: Lectures Non Book Flashcards
Who were the prophets?
Messengers between God and People
Bring God’s word to the people
Sometimes bring the people’s word to God
Types of Prophets
Former Prophets:
Jewish Cannon considered Josh, Judges, 1&2Sam, 1&2kings
Latter Prophets: what we consider prophets except Daniel
Pre-literary: Abraham, Moses, Nathan, Elijah, Elisha - no book named for them…
Literary: latter prophets
Pre-Exilic: before 722 & before 587
Post-Exilic: after 722 and after 587
Pre Exilic Prophets(10)
Isaiah 1-39, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah
Exilic or Post Exilic Prophets(6)
Isaiah 44-66, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi
Prophets Message
1- People have sinned
2 - Sin is grievous
3 - God’s judgement is coming
4 - Even amid judgement- not all is hopeless.
Isaiah Key Themes
1) Zion is God’s home: another name for Jerusalem
2) God works through anointed rulers and world empires
Assyria - 50x
King - 91x
Isaiah Strategy
Three Books
First Isaiah(1-39) Isaiah of Jerusalem /Proto-Isaiah
8th century
Assyrians/Judgement
Second Isaiah(40-55) Isaiah of Exile /Deutero-Isaiah
mid 6th century
Babylon/Hope
Third Isaiah(56-66) Isaiah of the Return/Trito-Isaiah
Persia/deals with struggles from return
Who is Heschel?
Jewish interpreter
Friend of Martin Luther
Gods suffering is different than human suffering
We are not alone in our suffering but God is right with us in suffering.
Terry Fretheim
Middle Ground
Similarities of God and human suffering
God suffers because of people’s rejection
God suffers with people who suffer
God carries for people on their behalf
Walter Bruggemann
God and humans suffer alike
Difference for scholars(6)
Passion
Wrath
Fidelity
Mutability
Metaphor
Texts
God and Humanity are not the same
Heschel
God and humanity are the similar
Bruggeman
God and humans have some similarities and some differences
Fretheim
Passion
God is not passionate - overwhelmed or embittered. - H
God is of great passions but doesn’t go overboard. - F
Wholly overboard in passion, potentially wide and dangerous. - B
Wrath
Gods anger is never regarded by the prophets as inscrutable or unaccountable. -H
Gods wrath entirely contingent upon responsive to human wickedness. In service for life for the ultimate good of others. -F
One never knows if Yahweh is a loose cannon - unaccountable and ominous. - B
Faithfulness - fidelity
Even in moments of indignation. ‘Gods remains alive’- H
Precisely in order to be faithful, God must Judge. - f
Yahweh’s failure to adhere to Covenant, complete absence and lack faithful. - b
Mutability - can God change?
Revelation means, God isn’t making himself known but Gods will known. Gods will may change, but Gods essences. - H
On the one hand - God will be steadfast, love, saving will, faithful to promises.. on the other hand - God will move with the world. God is both mutable and immutable… topic under discussion. - F
Yaweh redecides in the midst of crisis, hot to be Yahweh and who to be as Yahweh. - B
Anthropomorphisms - human metaphors..
Projecting human qualities into God is blasphemy and prophets only use these to show the true deity of God. - H
No real or essential relationship between the metaphor and God. The images used for God really do say something about God but they do break down at some point - F
Yahew negativity, failure,
Jeremiah 12:7-15
What drove God too this affliction and Gods mourning because of Israel’s desertion. Explaining Gods behavior - H
Acknowledges both Gods hate and abandonment.. affirming the hate but out of love for a long term future. F
Lord withdraws fidelity and truly leaves Israel’s. - B
How do approach scholars on Gods Passion..
Avoid harm to people
Avoid overemphasizing or exaggerating biblical images about anger or wrath.
Silencing people who feel harmed by God.
Do no harm to the Bible
Gods love is always mentioned near depictions of Gods wrath.
Amos ends on a hopeful note
Balanced chapters.. of Hope and judgement
Even on a macro level - God is not incapacitated by his suffering or wrath and can act with compassion.
Three examples of invisible whiteness
1) language requirements for field of study
2) contextual interpretation
3) scholar meetings are by and large white men… white perspectives of the Pentateuch.. vs the Pentateuch
Three scientific focus of euro biblical studies
Oldest respective journal is
Journal of the Old Testament Science
Scientific assumptions - test hypothesis, exacting judgements
Skeptical about the supernatural - opposed to main claim of the text…