OT 6000- test 5- Ch 28

Question 1

Basal ganglia loops

Answer 1

• Hairline: goal directed behavior loop (executive function loop)
• forehead: emotional loop
• eyebrow: social behavioral loop

Question 2

Goal directed loop

Answer 2

Decide on a goal, plan how to accomplish, execute the plan and monitor success of the plan
-damage here brings about trouble with setting goals and creating steps to accomplish something

Question 3

Emotional loop

Answer 3

Generates and perceives emotions, motivation. reward-seeking behavior, making predictions and integrating emotions with facial expressions
-damage here: apathy, loss of initiative, loss of emotional response and emotional lability (abrupt mood shifts)

Question 4

Social behavioral loop

Answer 4

Loop between primal brain and rational brain that helps you be socially acceptable

• controls mood (subjective feelings) and affect (observable outward behavior)
• damage here: impulsivity, aggressive and sexually promiscuous
• Stress can affect this area and decrease connection between primal and rational brain

Question 5

Somatic Marker Hypothesis

Answer 5

Emotions are crucial for sound judgement, signal non-conscious evaluation of situations (gut feelings) and influence action
-damage to orbitofrontal cortex (social behavioral loop) or its connections may reduce control over undesirable behaviors

Question 6

The bodies response to stress

Answer 6

• Somatic nervous system: increases muscle tension
• autonomic nervous system: shunts blood from skin and gut to muscles
• neuroendocrine system: epinephrine enhances cardiac function, relaxes intestines and increases metabolic rate to prepare for fight or flight

Question 7

HPA axis

Answer 7

When homeostasis is threatened it releases hormone cortisol that is the precursor to adrenal
-corisol also mobilizes glucose for energy, suppresses immune system, turns on anti-inflammatory system and turns on memory-maker cells (is dangerous in too much quantity)

Question 8

Negative effects of chronic stress response

Answer 8

• increased blood sugar (leads to diabetes)
• immunosuppression (get sick easier)
• blood vessels change (higher risk for heart attacks and strokes)
• damage to cells of the hippocampus (makes it harder to remember things)
• weakens or breaks rational control of impulse (become impulsive or aggressive)

Question 9

Fetal response to chronic stress

Answer 9

Fetus responds to stress levels (cortisol) as early as 4 months
-if not controlled, the primal brain will grow bigger than rational brain and child will grow to be more aggressive and impulsive