Osteoporosis Flashcards
What is Osteoporosis?
A metabolic bone disease that is characterised by a low bone mass.
What is the pathology of Osteoporosis?
Osteoclast > Osteoblast
= Increased Bone Resorption
Leads to increased risk of fracture.
Slow developing condition, and is usually diagnosed when a MINOR impact causes a FRACTURE
What are the most common fracturelocations found in people with osteoporosis?
Wrist
Hip
Vertebrae
What symptoms of osteoporosis make someone more susceptible to fractures? (5)
Think old grandma:
Falls damage bones easily
Low BMD
Poor dietary calcium
High bone turnover
Age
Female Post Menopause (low eostrogen)
What are the main causes of Osteoporosis? (5)
Overarching themes
- Endocrine
- MSK
- Gastroenterological
- Liver Disease
- Medication
What are some endocrine causes of osteoporosis? (7)
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperprolactinaemia
Hypopituitarism
Hypoparathyroidism
Cushing’s Disease
Thyrotoxicosis
Low sex hormone levels
What are some rheumatic causes for osteoporosis? (3)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
What are some malabsorption gastroenterological causes for osteoporosis? (6)
Short Gut syndrome
Coeliac Disease
Ischaemic bowel
Whipple’s Disease (bacterial infection)
Chronic Pancreatitis
Cystic Fibrosis
What are some inflammatory gastroenterological causes for osteoporosis? (4)
Crohn’s
Ulcerative Colitis
Short Gut Syndrome
Malabsorption from Coeliacs
What liver diseases are associated with osteoporosis? (4)
PBC
Viral Cirrhosis (Hep C)
Chronic Active Hepatitis (CAH)
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
What medications can cause osteoporosis to develop? (6)
Steroids
PPI
Antiepileptic Medications (Enzyme Inducing)
Aromatase Inhibitors
GnRH inhibitors
Warfarin
How many women will have an osteoporotic fracture before they die?
2 out of 50
How many men will have an osteoporotic fracture before they die?
5 out of 50
What is the lifetime risk of having a hip fracture for a 50 year old woman?
17% lifetime risk
What assessments can we use for osteoporosis diagnosis? (4)
Q Fracture
FRAX Scoring
Bone Mineral Density (Prodigy) Scanner
DEXA
