Osteoporosis

Question 1

what is osteoporosis

Answer 1

atrophy of the bone = pores

Question 2

etiology

Answer 2

aging (degenerative changes)
genetic predisposition (peak bone mass)
endocrine changes

Question 3

what are the impacts of endocrine changes

Answer 3

menopause = decrease in estrogen

estrogen inhibits bone reabsorption (osteoclasts)

Question 4

Risks for osteoporosis

Answer 4

low peak bone mass (bone tissue present at end of maturation)
post menopause (decreased estrogen)

Question 5

Patho

Answer 5

imbalances between reabsorption and formation
increase loss of estrogen
architectural changes
microdamage sets in

Question 6

when does longitudinal growth stop

Answer 6

~ 20 years

Question 7

when is peak bone mass usually reached

Answer 7

~30 years

Question 8

Manifestations of osteoporosis

Answer 8

silent until fracture occurs
acute, severe pain
damage to vertebrae 
- change is stature
- spin distorted = breathing problems
mandible problems 
- dentation
- chewing
- biting

Question 9

Diagnosis

Answer 9

xray (in later stages)
bone density scan: applied light to see if it is absorbed or passed through
- T-Score: scale of 1-2.5 (below normal) so higher the number the more below you are

Question 10

where is this bone density scan done

Answer 10

lumbar region
radius
neck of femur

Question 11

Treatment

Answer 11

prevent fractures
treat pain
weight bearing activity

anti reabsoprtive drugs
- inhibit osteoclasts

anabolic agent
- osteoblasts

healthy lifestyle (protein, vit D and Ca)

Question 12

role of vit D and Ca

Answer 12

Ca is need for bone cell function and vit D assists with the absorption of Ca