AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

what does AIDS stand for

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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2
Q

what is the infection that causes aids

A

viral infection

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3
Q

what virus is specific to aids

A

HIV

- human immunodeficiency virus

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4
Q

what is occurring with HIV

A

increase of immunosuppression

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5
Q

what does an increase of immunosuppression cause

A

opportunists infections and cancers

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6
Q

What type of virus is HIV

A

retrovirus

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7
Q

what does retro virus mean

A

means it replicates in the host cell via reverse cell transcription

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8
Q

transmission of HIV

A

sexual contant
maternal (utero, labor, delivery, lactation)
blood

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9
Q

reservoir of HIV

A

semen
saliva
blood

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10
Q

what prevents occupational health workers from contracting the virus

A

universal precautions

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11
Q

what are the three phases of HIV

A

primary infection
latent period
overt AIDS

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12
Q

how long does the primary infection last

A

weeks to months

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13
Q

what occurs in the primary infection phase

A

window period
seroconversion
high viral load
low CD4 count

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14
Q

what is the window period

A

the time it takes to be infected with HIV and to produce a positive test (30 days)

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15
Q

what is the seroconversion

A

the time it takes for AB to be produced and detected

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16
Q

what does it mean when there is a decrease CD4 count

A

protein count of surface receptors on T-helper cells (suppressing the immune response)

17
Q

what is occurring in the latent period

A

asymptomatic but damage is still occurring

  • lymphatic tissue damage
  • resp infection
  • fatigue
18
Q

when does overt AIDS occur

19
Q

what occurs in the overt AIDS phase

A

target of T-helper cells, b cells, macrophages
destroys immune system and defences
increase in new infection and latent pathogens
various organs affected

20
Q

Diagnosis of HIV

A
clinical progression
ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)
Western Blot Assay
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
P-24 Ag
NAT (nucleic acid test)
21
Q

what is the ELISA test

A

measures ab against the virus (needs 90 days)

22
Q

what is the western blot assay

A

detects ab against specific antigens

23
Q

what is the PCR

A

polymerase chain reaction measures the genetic components of the virus
($$$ and specific)

24
Q

what is NAT

A

nucleic acid test

- building blocks of DNA and RNA

25
Manifestations
``` worsen with progression opportunistic infections - resp (TB/peumonia) - GI -NS (dementia, encephalopathy) opportunistic cancers - kaposi's sarcoma - non Hodgkins lymphoma - cervical cancer ```
26
what is kaposi's sarcoma
lesions on the skin, mouth, lymph nodes | but originates in the endothelium of blood vessels
27
Treatment
no cure anti virals to limit proliferation - cocktail of AV to target different steps - AV specific to retroviruses
28
Diagnosis of AIDS`
CDC: cd4 count below the threshold, plus 2 opportunistic infections/CA WHO: says you need 20 or more opportunistic infections/cancers