Osteoporosis

Question 1

Define osteoporosis

Answer 1

Microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to decreased bone mass

Question 2

Osteoporosis affects ____ people in the US

Answer 2

10 million

Question 3

After your 20s, the point of ________ _____ for bone mass has been passed, and you can’t really build much more

Answer 3

genetic potential

Question 4

What sites does a DXA scan typically measure?

Answer 4

spine, proximal femur, forearm, total body

Question 5

What is a T score?

• for osteoporosis
• for osteopenia

Answer 5

number of standard deviations from the young adult mean density

• -2.5 or less
• -1.0–2.5

Question 6

For every standard deviation below the norm, what happens to fracture risk?

Answer 6

doubles

Question 7

What is a Z score?

Answer 7

number of standard deviations from age matched mean density

Question 8

FRAX- what is it?

-treatment decision making tool in previously ______ pt.

Answer 8

fracture risk assessment tool, calculates 10 year fracture risk
-untreated

Question 9

Differentiate between primary and secondary osteoporosis

Answer 9

Primary is unrelated to chronic illness, related to aging and decreased hormones
Secondary is secondary to chronic illness/meds that accelerate bone loss

Question 10

Name a few risk factors for osteoporosis

Answer 10

genetics, low calcium, low vitamin D, tobacco/alcohol use, prior fx history, meds

Question 11

What is an important and clinically useful tool for assessing fall risk?

Answer 11

timed get up and go

Question 12

Good lifestyle choices for bone health

Answer 12

~1200 mg calcium/day, vitamin D ~250HD.32ng/mL, weight bearing exercise, avoid tobacco & excessive alcohol consumption

Question 13

Calcium carbonate is taken with ___, calcium citrate is taken ______

Answer 13

meals, with or without food

Question 14

Types of weight bearing exercise

Answer 14

aerobics, circuit training, jogging, jumping, walking

Question 15

In children and young adult studies, as well as older adults, BMD _____ with exercise

Answer 15

increased

Question 16

Biphosphonates are sometimes given for low bone mass; what are some side effects?

Answer 16

Upper GI irritation, osteonecrosis of the jaw, musculoskeletal pain, etc.

Question 17

Teriparatide is an anabolic agent that has a warning; what is it?

Answer 17

osteosarcoma; should not be given if pt. has Paget’s disease or prior external beam radiation

Question 18

The pharmacological agents calcitonin and raloxifen have been shown to decrease ______

Answer 18

incidence of vertebral fx

Question 19

Who, by FRAX calculation, should be receiving BMD treatment?

Answer 19

> 3% hip fracture risk over next 10 years

>20% any osteoporotic fx over next 10 years

Question 20

Repeat bone scan every ___ if on treatment or every ____ if not on treatment but at risk for further bone loss

Answer 20

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