Neuropathic Foot Flashcards
- ___% of people with diabetes will develop neuropathic foot
- leading cause of diabetic ____
- implicated in __-__% of non-traumatic amputations
- 50%
- hospitalization
- 50-75%
causes of neuropathic foot
diabetes**, tumor, trauma and other conditions, Autoimmune disease, Vitamin B, E or niacin deficiency, toxins, infection
Types of neuropathy
- peripheral
- autonomic
- proximal
- focal
- affects UE or LE
- affects cardiopulmonary system, temp regulation, bowel, bladder, and sexual function
- affects thigh, hip and core muscles
- sudden loss of function in one nerve or a group of nerves
- Foot exam should be completed at least ___
- those with neuropathy should have feet looked at _____
- those with diabetes should check feet _____
- annually
- each medical visit
- every day
_________ is crucial with foot injuries
early involvement
objective exam should include…..
condition of hair, skin, and toesnails, deformities, pulses, sensation, shoe wear
Toe deformities
hammer toes- toe flexed at pip and extended at dip
claw toes- flexed at pip and dip
hallux abducto valgus
bunions- can splint, surgical repair involving pins
charcot arthropaty
-affects ~__% of those with diabetes
progressive bone destruction and ligament damage leading to arch collapse and impaired skin integrity
-9%
foot pulses
posterior tibialis and dorsal pedis
Ankle brachial index (ABI) >1.2 1.2-1 .99-.9 <.5
->1.2 vessels are incompressible
1.2-1 normal
.99-.90 acceptable
<.50 severe arterial disease
For sensation, using Semmes Weinstein monofilament (10 g), test ___ locations
10 (some say 12 or 13)
For vibratory sensation, using a _________, latency of 10 seconds or more indicates sensory loss
128 Hz tuning fork
High risk for foot neuropathy
sensory loss, deformity, vascular disease, callus formation, history of ulcer, amputation
Proper footwear
breathable and adjustable, wide toe box, good support
