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Oral Med BONES, GERIATRICS, MRONJ > Osteoporosis > Flashcards

Osteoporosis Flashcards

1
Q

What are two systemic categories that contribute to an increased risk for osteoporosis?

A

Endocrine and malabsorption syndromes.

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2
Q

What are some endocrine disease that increase someone’s risk for osteoporosis?

A

Menopause
Hypogonadism in men
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s Disease, thyrotoxocosis)

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3
Q

What are some malabsorption syndromes that increase someone’s risk for osteoporosis?

A

Crohn’s Disease,

Celiac Disease

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4
Q

Conditions like autoimmune diseases and respiratory diseases that require long-term _____ use increase a patient’s risk for developing osteoporosis.

A

Steroid

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5
Q

What medications put a patient at risk for osteoporosis?

A 
Steroids
Anticonvulsants
Excess Thyroid Hormone 
Heparin
Antidepressants (SSRI's)
Proton Pump Inhibitors 
Thiazolidinediones
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6
Q

What types of anticonvulsant therapy increase a patient’s risk for developing osteoporosis.

A

Phenytoin

Phenobarbital

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7
Q

What types of neoplasms increase a patient’s risk for developing osteoporosis.

A

Metastatic cancers, multiple myeloma

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8
Q

What types of aromatase inhibitors increase a patient’s risk for developing osteoporosis.

A

Anastrozole
Exemestane
Letrozole

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9
Q

What type of anti-adrogen therapy for prostate cancer increase a patient’s risk for developing osteoporosis.

A

Bicalutamide
Flutamide
Nilutamide

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10
Q

What types of medications prevent/treat osteoporosis?

A 
Calcium
Vitamin D
Estrogen 
Bisphosphonates
Raloxifene 
Calcitonin
Injected Parathyroid Hormone
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11
Q

Traditional dental radiographs are ____ sensitive enough to detect early osteoporosis.

A

Not

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12
Q

What should you look for on a dental radiograph for osteoporosis?

A

Open or more pronounced variation in the trabecular pattern.

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13
Q

What types of foods help with daily intake of calcium?

A

Dairy, salmon, sardines, dark green leafy vegetables, tofu, almonds

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14
Q

What vitamin is necessary for calcium absorption? What foods contain it?

A

Vitamin D;

Fortified milk, butter/margarine, egg yolks, salt water fish, liver

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15
Q

Osteoporosis Risks: What three things should patients avoid

A
  • Caffeine
  • Phosphorous
  • Protein diets
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16
Q

What makes it hard for the body to absorb calcium and increase urinary excretion of calcium? Daily limit?

A

Caffeine; 2-3 cups of caffeinated beverages per day.

17
Q

What does consuming phosphorous prevent? What drinks contain phosphorous?

A

Calcium absorption; sodas, sports drinks

18
Q

How do protein diets affect bones?

A

Alter bone health

19
Q

What are the most predictive risk factors associated with osteoporosis?

A

Age and weight

20
Q

What are three other risk factors that are associated with osteoporosis?

A
  • Age at menarche
  • Age at menopause
  • Duration of menopause
21
Q

What is the only test that can diagnose osteoporosis before breaking a bone?

A

Bone Density Test

22
Q

What does the Bone Density Test estimate?

A

Density of bones and chances of breaking a bone.

23
Q

What two parts of the body are used in the bone density test?

A

Hip and spine

24
Q

What does DEXA stand for?

A

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

25
Q

What is the gold standard for BMD assessment?

A

DEXA

26
Q

Advantages of DEXA Scan

A
  • Short scan time
  • Low radiation dose
  • Superior reproducibility
  • High resolution
  • Measures both peripheral and central skeleton
  • Reports in standard deviations above/below value
27
Q

Who should get a DEXA scan?

A
  • All postmenopausal women <65 years old who have risk factors
  • All women ages 65 and older
  • Postmenopausal women with fractures
  • Women with one of many medical conditions associated with osteoporosis
  • Women whose decision to use meds might be aided by bone density testing.
28
Q

T Score for normal bone density

A

> 1.0

29
Q

T Score for osteopenia

A

-1.0 to -2.5

30
Q

T score for osteoporosis

A

< -2.5

31
Q

T score for severe osteoporosis

A

< -2.5 with fracture

32
Q

What parts of the body are more prone to fracture due to osteoporosis?

A

Hip, spine, and wrist

33
Q

The rate of hip fractures is two to three times higher in

A

Women

34
Q

The one year mortality following a hip fracture is nearly twice as high for ____

A

Men

35
Q

A women’s risk for hip fracture is equal to her combined risk of what three types of cancer?

A

Breast, uterine and ovarian cancer

36
Q

Osteoporosis Effects: What two types of fractures are linked to an increased risk for death?

A

Hip and vertebral fractures

Oral Med BONES, GERIATRICS, MRONJ (10 decks)

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