MRONJ Flashcards
Medical Indications for Bisphosphonates
- Osteoporosis
- Cancer treatment-induced bone loss
- Skeletal-related events in patients with malignancies that involve bone
- Giant cell tumor of bone
- Hypercalcemia of malignancy
- Paget disease of bone
Bisphosphonates are ____ absorbed in the GI tract
Poorly
Bisphosphonates are excreted _____ by the kidneys
Unchanged
Bisphosphonates have a high affinity for ______ within the bone
Hydroxyapatite
Bisphosphonates are ____ within the bone
Inactive
Bisphosphonates are released during ____ ____
Bone resorption
Bisphosphonates ____ osteoclast activity and ____ osteoclast apoptosis
Inhibit; promote
Two classes of bisphosphonates
Non-nitrogen containing BPs
Nitrogen containing BPs
Non-nitrogen containing BPs function
Osteoclast apoptosis
Nitrogen containing BPs: ____ mevalonate pathway and has ____ effects
Inhibits; antitumor
Nitrogen containing BPs: What three processes do these affect?
Affect osteoclastogenesis, apoptosis and cytoskeletal dynamics
Nitrogen containing BPs: Function of Zoledronate
- Inihibits human endothelial cell proliferation
- Modulates endothelial cell adhesion and migration
Denosumab/Prolia: Function
Acts against RANKL and inhibits osteoclast function
Function of Antiangiogenic medications
- Interfere with the formation of new blood vessels
- Used for various tumors/malignancies
Antiangiogenic Inhibitors:
Function of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
-Reduce the blood supply to the tumor thereby impacting the tumor’s ability to grow.
“-nib”=
Tyrosine kinase Inhibitors
“-mab”=
Monoclonal antibody
Definition of MRONJ
Bone necrosis associated with pharmacologic therapies
First criteria to establish diagnosis of MRONJ
Current or previous treatment with BMA or angiogenic inhibitor
Second criteria to establish diagnosis of MRONJ
Exposed bone or bone that can be probed through an intraoral or extraoral fistula in the maxillofacial region and that has persisted for longer than 8 weeks.
Third criteria to establish diagnosis of MRONJ
No history of radiation therapy to the jaws or metastatic disease to the jaws
MONJ can be caused by a _____ of bone resportion
Supression
MONJ can be caused by soft tissue ______
Toxicity
MONJ can be caused by ___-angiogenesis and subsequent _____ vascularity
Anti; decreased
MONJ can be caused by a local infection, with the presence of _______
Biofilm
MONJ can be caused by an exposure of the oral cavity to the _____ _____ through the teeth and PDL
Outside environment
High dose therapy for treatment of malignancy accounts for ___% of MRONJ cases
90%
The incidence of patients taking BP for osteoporosis is low, and 100 times lower with ____ patients
Cancer
What are the top two medical comorbidities leading to MRONJ
Chemotherapy and corticosteroids
What is the most common dental reason for MRONJ
Extractions