Osteoporosis Flashcards
Osteopenia is
Less severe reduction in bone density
Causes/RFs for osteoporosis (A SHATTERED FAMILY)
- Age
- Steroid/thyroxine
- HyperPTHism/Cushing’s/corticosteroids
- Alcohol
- Thin - low BMI
- Testosterone deficiency
- Early menopause
- Renal/liver failure
- Erosive/inflammatory bone disease
- Diabetes
- FH
- Coeliac IBD
What is a DEXA scan used for
Assess bone mineral density
What is a FRAX scan used for
- % major osteoporotic fracture
- % hip fracture
T score FRAX of -1 — -2.5
Osteopenia
What does calcichew given in osteoporosis contain
- Ca
- colcalciferol (VitD)
1st line Tx (and 3 options for it)
Bisphosphonates
- alendronate
- risedronate
- zoledronic acid
A 2nd line med that is mono Ab and blocks osteoclast activity
Denosumab
A 2nd line med that increases osteoblast activity and reduces osteoclast activity
Strontium ranelate
A 2ry prevention drug that stimulates bone oestrogen receptors and blocks breast/uterine oestrogen receptors
Raloxifene
Women going through menopause can be given …. to lower risk of osteoporosis
HRT
How to avoid the reflux and oesophageal erosions caused by bisphosphonates
Empty stomach
Sit upright 30 mins
SEs of bisphosphonates
- atypical fractures
- jaw/external auditory canal osteonecrosis
T score >-1
Normal
T score smaller than -2.5
Osteoporosis
