osteopathic testing of foot and ankle

Question 1

medial longitudinal arch

Answer 1

calcaneus
talus
navicular
cuneiforms 1-3
metatarsals 1-3

Question 2

lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 2

calcaneus
talus
cuboid
metarsals 4-5

Question 3

transverse distal tarsal arch

Answer 3

navicular
cuboid
cuneiforms 1-3
proximal metatarsals

Question 4

primary stabilizer of medial ankle

Answer 4

deltoid ligament

Question 5

plantar navicular is often associated with

Answer 5

tight plantar fascia

Question 6

plantar cuboid is associated with

Answer 6

post fibular head

Question 7

which dysfunctions more common for cuneiforms, navicular and cuboid?

Answer 7

plantar dysfunction

i.e. restriction to dorsal glide

Question 8

talus/ calcaneus tests for foot and ankle

Answer 8

talus dorsiflexion/ plantar flexion dysfunctions (motion between talus and tibia/ fibula)
calcaneus inversion/ eversion (motion between talus and calcaneus, subtalar joint)

Question 9

foot ROM

Answer 9

dorsiflexion 15-20
plantar flexion 55-65
ankle inversion 35
ankle eversion 20
subtalar inversion/ eversion 10 (calcaneus on talus)
pronation 5 
supination 20

Question 10

pronation

Answer 10

dorsiflexion
abduction
eversion of calcaneus

Question 11

supination

Answer 11

plantarflexion
adduction
inversion of calcaneus

Question 12

dorsiflexor muscles and nerves

Answer 12

tibialis anterior (deep fibular n. L4,5; also inverts)
EHL - deep fibular n. L5
EDL - deep fibular n. L5

Question 13

plantar flexors

Answer 13

gastroc/ soleus, tibial n. S1/2
FHL, tibial n. L5
FDL, tibial n. L5
Tibilais posterior, tibial n., L5 (also inverts)

Question 14

evertors of the foot

Answer 14

fibularis longus/ brevis, supeficial fibular n. L5, S1

Question 15

in anterior lateral malleous dysfunction

Answer 15

distal medial border of talus is more prominent

Question 16

in posterior lateral malleolus dysfunction

Answer 16

anterior portion of the talus is displaced in a lateral direction