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OS1 > lymphatic lecture > Flashcards

lymphatic lecture Flashcards

1
Q

lymphatics during gestation and growth

A

b egins in 5th week of development, present by 20 weeks
immature at birth
- matures and changes until puberty
- decline in geriatric population

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2
Q

spleen location

A
  • beneath ribs 9,10, 11 on left

- between left hemi-diaphragm and peritoneal cavity

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3
Q

half of the bodys lymph is formed in

A

liver

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4
Q

what is the “gate-keeper of shared hepato-biliary-pancreatic venous and lymphatic region

A

liver

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5
Q

organs clearing bacteria

A

liver

spleen

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6
Q

this organ has little or no lymphatic function in adult

A

thymus

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7
Q

thymus location and development

A
  • superior mediastinum, anterior to great vessels, extending into neck
  • large in infant (greatest at age 2) involutes after puberty; replaced by fatty tissue in adults
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8
Q

this organ provides cells to influence and build immunity early in life but nonessential in adults

A

tonsils

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9
Q

tonsils - names and location

A
  • multiples areas in ring formation in posterior oropharynx
  • palatine - lateral pharynx
  • lingual - posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • pharyngeal - adenoids at nasopharyngeal border
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10
Q

appendix location

A

medial surface of the cecum

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11
Q

visceral lymphoid tissue

A

respiratory system - filtration of toxins form lungs
GI system - peyer’s patches (distal ilium)
- lacteals - lymphatic capillaries in each villi in small bowel
- fats enter circulation via GI system

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12
Q

PRIMARY purpose of lymph nodes is?

A

filtration of lymph

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13
Q

how many lymph nodes in body?

A

400-450

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14
Q

superficial nodes receive lymph from ? and drain into which groups?

A 
from skin/ deep tissues of upper and lower extremities/ head and neck
into 
- cervical
- axillary
- inguinal
[CIA!!!]
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15
Q

cervical drainage

A

head/ supraclavicular and upper extremity drain to jugular nodes

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16
Q

axillary drainage

A

infraclavicular to umbilicus, drain to axillary nodes and then subclavian

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17
Q

inguinal drainage

A

caudal to umbilicus drain to inguinal nodes and then lumbar

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18
Q

lymph channels/ ducts perfuse all tissue of body except

A 
CNS
epidermis (includes hair and nails)
endomysium of muscles and cartilage 
bone marrow
selected portions of peripheral nerves
exceptions still possess direct diffusion
19
Q

lymph nodes unite with

A

thoracic duct or

right lymphatic duct

20
Q

what is associated with intra-abdominal or thoracic carcinoma/ cancer

A

virchow’s node

located in left supraclavicular region

21
Q

thoracic duct locaiton and path

A
  • largest lymph vessel
  • lies agaisnt vertebral column (between aorta and azygous vein)
  • on right side but at T4!!! crosses over, moves left of midline and connects to the junction of left cub-clavian and left brachiocephalic veins
22
Q

superficial nodes in head/ neck region?

A

submental

- virchow’s

23
Q

superficial nodes in abdomen

A

cisterna chyli

celiac

24
Q

superficial nodes in upper extremity

A
  • deltopectoral
  • axillary
  • cubital
25
Q

superficial nodes in lower extremity

A
  • superificial inguinal

- popliteal

26
Q

what is the cisterna chyli formed from and where is it located

A
  • dilatation of distal thoracic duct

- anterior to L1-2 and posterior to right crura of diaphragm

27
Q

duct drains into thoracic duct

A
  • left side of head and neck
  • left arm
  • left side of thorax
  • left and right lower body
  • viscera of thoracic
28
Q

right lymphatic duct drains…

A
  • right head and neck
  • right arm
  • right chest
29
Q

right lymphatic duct connects to

A

venous system at jugular-subclavian junction

30
Q

overall path of lymph gluide

A

froma rterial capillaries into interstitium and

single-cell lymphatic vessels

31
Q

functions of lymphatic system

A
  • fluid balance
  • purification and cleansing
  • defense
  • nutrition
32
Q

how much excess flluid from pleura, peritoneum, pericardium and joints can the lymph system absorb

A

excess of 3 liters/ 24 hours

33
Q

how is lymph system involved in nutrition

A
  • returns protein back to vascular system
  • bind to nutrients
  • absorbed via lymph system
34
Q

what is normal intersitial fluid pressure, will increase or decrease in it increase flow? where the efficiency ceiling at?

A

normal = -6.3 mmHg
increase in pressure will increase flow
- efficiency ceiling at 0 mmHg, after that collapses vessels and obstructs flow

35
Q

intristitial fluid pressure is increased by

A
  • increased arterial capillary pressure (hypertension)
  • decreased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure (hepatic cirrhosis)
  • increased interstitial fluid protein (starvation/ plasma hypoalbuminemia)
  • increased capillary permeability (toxins = rattlesnake poisoning)
36
Q

distension of larger vessels and smaller vessels contraction to help lymph flow is an example of an

A

intrinsic pump

37
Q

direct pressure on vesels moving lymph and internally exerted pressure e.g. respiration, pressure gradients, crura acting on cisterna chyli are examples of an

A

extrinsic pump

38
Q

pelvic diaphragm’s movement of itnerstitial fluid from pelvis is important in

A
  • dysmenorrhea
  • preparation for labor and delivery
  • prostate irritation in benign prostatic hypertrophy and other prostate problems
39
Q

what is the goal of OMT for lymphatic system

A

balanced, well functioning lymphatic system in which no edema occurs

40
Q

in OMT you always start at the level of the… where is it located?

A

thoracic duct - thoracic inlet

- junction of the duct and left subclavian vein/ brachiocephalic vein

41
Q

what are the areas of treatment in OMT

A 
1- thoracic
2- abdomen
3 - upper extremity 
4- lower extremity
5 - head and neck
start and finish with thoracic inlet!!!
42
Q

thoracic duct may be dilated 16x its normal size in

A

Congestive Heart failure

- cant do OMT coz patient can’t lay supine due to fluid overload

43
Q

contraindications to general lymphatic treatment

A
  • early carcinoma/ metastatic cancer
  • osseous fracture
  • acute bacterial infection (102 F > temp;otherwise cause septic spread)
  • acute hepatitis
  • infectious mononucleosis
  • circulatory disorders (venous obstruction, embolism and hemorrhage) and coaguloapathies
  • anuria (not producing urine e.g. needsdialysis)
  • CHF (some techniques)
44
Q

major organs for lymphatic system

A 
spleen
liver
tonsils
thymus
visceral (GI and pulmonary)

OS1 (5 decks)

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