Osteomyelitis

Question 1

Ceftriaxone is a ______ that is excreted mainly through the biliary tract.

Answer 1

third-generation cephalosporin

Question 2

Vancomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding firmly to the _______ terminus of nascent peptidoglycan pentapeptide.

Answer 2

D-Ala-D-Ala

Question 3

Drug of choice for methicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococci

Answer 3

Nafcillin

Question 4

Chloride-substituted derivative of lincomycin that inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with the formation of initiation complexes and with aminoacyl translocation reactions

Answer 4

Clindamycin

Question 5

Clindamycin binds to ______ of bacterial ribosomes and suppresses protein synthesis.

Answer 5

50S subunit

Question 6

It binds to a site on the 23S subunit rRNA of the 50S subunit and prevents formation of functional 70S complex

Answer 6

Linezolid

Question 7

Semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin that binds to beta subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Answer 7

Rifampin

Question 8

Used to treat osteomyelitis in combination with a beta-lactam antibiotic of vancomycin

Answer 8

Rifampin

Question 9

Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole is also called ________

Answer 9

Cotrimoxazole

Question 10

Ciprofloxacin inhibits 2 key bacterial enzymes: ________ and _______

Answer 10

DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

Question 11

Levofloxacin is a ____________ that inhibits bacterial DNA replication

Answer 11

third generation fluoroquinolones

Question 12

Glycopeptide antibiotics that lack penetration through gram (-) cell membranes

Answer 12

Vancomycin

Question 13

It is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that has bacterial activity against Gram (+) and vancomycin-resistant strains

Answer 13

Daptomycin

Question 14

The bacterial activity of daptomycin is __________ which binds to bacterial membranes which result to the depolarization, loss of membrane potential, and cell death

Answer 14

concentration-dependent

Question 15

Fusidic acid interferes with bacterial protein synthesis, specifically by preventing the translocation of the __________ from the ribosome

Answer 15

elongation factor G (EFG)

Question 16

TMP-SMX works by the inhibition of 2 sequential steps of tetrahydrofolic acid synthesis, SMX inhibits incorporation of _____ into dihydrofolic acid precursurs.

Answer 16

PABA

Question 17

______ generation of Cephalosporins have good activity against gram (+) and modest activity against gram (-)

Answer 17

First

Question 18

Monobactam interacts with PBPs of susceptible microorganisms and induces the formation of ________ bacterial structures

Answer 18

long filamentous

Question 19

TMP-SMX works by the inhibition of 2 sequential steps of tetrahydrofolic acid synthesis, ______ prevents reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate

Answer 19

TMP

Question 20

______ generation of Cephalosporins have increased activity against gram (-), less active than 3rd gen

Answer 20

Second

Question 21

__________ is a third generation cephalosporin that is able to penetrate CSF

Answer 21

Ceftriaxone

Question 22

Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that binds to the ____ ribosomal subunit and interferes with protein synthesis

Answer 22

30S

Question 23

Semi-synthetic, second generation tetracycline antibiotic that is active against gram (-) and gram (+) bacteria

Answer 23

Minocycline

Question 24

A third generation fluoroquinolone that is less active than ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin which inhibits 2 key bacterial enzymes

Answer 24

Levofloxacin

Question 25

Antimycobacterial that induces most cytochrome P450 isoforms which increases the elimination of other drugs

Answer 25

Rifampin

Question 26

Penicillin G covalently binds to __________ which kills bacteria only when they are actively growing and synthesizing cell wall

Answer 26

Penicillin-binding protein (PBP)

Question 27

Oxacillin is an _______ penicillin wherein resistance is caused by inactivation of antibiotic beta-lactamase, modification of target PBPs, impaired penetration of drug to target PBPs and efflux

Answer 27

isoxazolyl

Question 28

Piperacilin-Tazobactan is known to be _________ because bacterial killing is related to the time for which the antibiotic free concentration is maintained above the MIC of the infectig pathigen

Answer 28

time-dependent

Question 29

A third generation cephalosporin that exhibits its bactericidal effect primarily through direct inhibition of specific PBP in susceptible bacteria

Answer 29

Ceftazimide

Question 30

A fourth generation cephalosporin that is not degraded by plasmid and chromosome mediated beta-lactamases

Answer 30

Cefemine