osteology- unit 1 ex. 1 QQ

Question 1

what are the 4 basic tissues of the human body?

Answer 1

epithelial, muscle, neural, connective

Question 2

what is the function of an osteoblast?

Answer 2

form bone

Question 3

what is the function of an osteocyte?

Answer 3

maintain or nurture bone

Question 4

what is the function of the osteoclast?

Answer 4

remodel bone

Question 5

what are bone cells embedded in?

Answer 5

an amorphous matrix consisting of ground substance, protein fibers and various minerals

Question 6

what is the primary constituent of ground substance?

Answer 6

GAGs

Question 7

what is the principle type of protein fiber in bone?

Answer 7

type 1 collagen

Question 8

what is the most frequently described deposit in bone?

Answer 8

hydroxyapatite

Question 9

what is wolff’s law as it pertains to bone?

Answer 9

living tissue will respond to stressors; bone is formed or absorbed in response to various stressors

Question 10

what 3 responses of “living” bone were stressed in class?

Answer 10

its ability to heal, to remodel under stressors and to age

Question 11

bone is the embryological derivative of which specific connective tissues?

Answer 11

mesenchyme and or cartilage

Question 12

what is the name given to the pattern of ossification in mesenchyme?

Answer 12

intramembranous ossification

Question 13

what is the timing for the appearance of the intramembranous ossification?

Answer 13

from the 2nd to 3rd month in utero

Question 14

what part of the axial skeleton is primarily formed by intramembranous ossification?

Answer 14

the skull

Question 15

which bone of the appendicular skeleton is partially formed by intramembranous ossification?

Answer 15

clavicle

Question 16

what is the name given to the pattern of ossification in cartilage?

Answer 16

endochondral ossification

Question 17

what is the timing for the appearance of ossification in cartilage?

Answer 17

2nd-5th month in utero

Question 18

what part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossification?

Answer 18

chondrocranium

Question 19

what are the primary sources of variation observed in bone?

Answer 19

sexual dimorphism, ontogenic variation, geographic variation, idiosyncratic variation

Question 20

what are the 6 most commonly used classifications of normal bone?

Answer 20

long, short, flat, irregular, paranasal sinus/ pneumatic, sesamoid

Question 21

what are the classifications given to abnormal bone stressed in spinal?

Answer 21

heterotopic or accessory bone

Question 22

what is the name given to bone formed in a non-bone location?

Answer 22

heterotopic bone

Question 23

what is the primary characteristic of short bone?

Answer 23

cuboidal

Question 24

what are examples of short bone?

Answer 24

carpus and tarsus

Question 25

what are examples of flat bone?

Answer 25

parietal and sternum

Question 26

what are characteristics of pneumatic bone?

Answer 26

air spaces within the bone

Question 27

what are examples of pneumatic bone?

Answer 27

frontal, ethmoid, maxilla, sphenoid

Question 28

what bones contain paranasal sinuses?

Answer 28

frontal, ethmoid, maxilla and sphenoid

Question 29

what is the characteristic of a sesamoid bone?

Answer 29

bone develops within a tendon

Question 30

what are consistent examples of sesamoid bones?

Answer 30

patella and pisiform

Question 31

what are examples of heterotopic bone?

Answer 31

calcific deposits in the pineal gland, heart and ligaments

Question 32

what are examples of accessory bone?

Answer 32

para-articular processes and bony spurs of vertebrae

Question 33

what are the 4 basic feature categories?

Answer 33

elevations, depressions, tunnels or passageways and facets

Question 34

what are the types of osseous elevations?

Answer 34

linear rounded and sharp

Question 35

what are the types of osseous linear elevation?

Answer 35

line, ridge and crest

Question 36

what are the types of rounded osseous elevations?

Answer 36

tubercle, protuberance, trochanter, tuber or tuberosity and malleolus

Question 37

what is the definition of an osseous trochanter?

Answer 37

a large blunt projection from the surface of a bone with a significant base and height

Question 38

what is the definition of an osseous malleolus?

Answer 38

a hammer-head like elevation on the surface of a bone

Question 39

what are the categories of sharp osseous elevations?

Answer 39

spine and process

Question 40

what are the categories of osseous depressions?

Answer 40

linear and rounded depressions

Question 41

what are the categories of osseous linear depressions?

Answer 41

notch or incisure, groove and sulcus

Question 42

what are the categories of rounded osseous depressions?

Answer 42

fovea and fossa

Question 43

what is the definition of an osseous fovea?

Answer 43

shallow depression of variable circumference on the surface of a bone

Question 44

what are names given to openings on the surface of bone?

Answer 44

ostium or orifice and hiatus

Question 45

what is the definition of an osseous hiatus?

Answer 45

irregular opening on the surface of a bone

Question 46

what are the names given to osseous ostia which completely penetrate bone?

Answer 46

foramen or canal

Question 47

what is the definition of an osseous foramen?

Answer 47

ostium passing completely through a thin region of bone

Question 48

what is the definition of an osseous canal?

Answer 48

ostium passing completely through a thick region of bone

Question 49

what is the name given to an ostium which does not completely penetrate through a region of bone but appears as a blind-ended passageway?

Answer 49

meatus

Question 50

what is the definition of an osseous fissure?

Answer 50

irregular slit-like or crack-like appearance between the surfaces of adjacent bones

Question 51

what are the categories of osseous facets?

Answer 51

flat facets and rounded facets

Question 52

what are the categories of rounded osseous facets?

Answer 52

articular heads and articular condyles

Question 53

what is the definition of an osseous condyle?

Answer 53

a knuckle-shaped surface on bone for osseous articulation