Osteology of the Vertebral Column, Sternum, and Ribs Flashcards
What osseous modification is observed to the front of the anterior arch of C1?
The anterior tubercle
What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?
The fovea dentis
What attaches behind the anterior arch of C1?
The lateral mass
What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?
Tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament
What is identified in the midline at the back of the posterior arch of C1?
The posterior tubercle
What superior surface modification of the posterior arch of C1 is present near the lateral mass?
Groove/sulcus for the vertebral artery
What superior surface modification is present near the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?
Arcuate rim
What attaches to the arcuate rim of the posterior arch of atlas and to the superior articular process of the lateral mass of atlas?
A complete ponticulus posticus
Based on the amount of bone union between the superior articular process and the arcuate rim of C1 what structure will form?
An incomplete ponticulus posticus or a complete ponticulus posticus
What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus?
Arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal
What is observed on the undersurface of the posterior arch of C1?
The inferior vertebral notch
What is the name given to the anterior part of the transverse process of C1?
Costal element
What is the name given to the posterior part of the transverse process of C1?
True transverse process
What is the distal most part of the transverse process of C1?
The posterior tubercle
What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?
Dens or odontoid process
What surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?
Facet for fovea dentis, groove for transverse atlantal ligament, attachment sites for the alar ligaments, attachment site for the apical-dental ligament
What feature is identified on the anterior surface of the vertebral body of C2?
The longus colli muscle attachment
What feature is identified on the anterior surface of the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?
The anterior lip
What feature is identified on the posterior surface of the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?
The posterior lip
What features are present at the lateral margins of the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?
Right and left lateral grooves
What features arise from the posterolateral margins of the vertebral body of C2?
The pedicles
What lies on the upper surface of the pedicle of C2?
The superior articular process
What is the location of the superior vertebral notch of C2?
On the lamina-pedicle junction
What feature is identified on the lower surface of the pedicle of C2?
The inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure
What is the location of the inferior articular process of C2?
On the lamina-pedicle junction behind the inferior vertebral notch
What osseous parts of the typical cervical transverse process are present at C2?
Costal element, true transverse process, posterior tubercle
What is the characteristic appearance of the C2 spinous process in humans?
It is bifid
What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
Anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes
What are the names of the lateral modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
Uncinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus, or lateral lip
What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
Anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves
What bony feature is attached to the posterior end of the pedicle?
The articular pillar
What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?
The groove/sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve
What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical?
ligamentum flavum
Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?
para-articular process
