Osteology/Arthrology/Embryology of the Anterior Thorax

Question 1

What vertebral levels correspond to the position of the manubrium sterni?

Answer 1

T3-T4

Question 2

Which ribs will articulate with the manubrium sterni?

Answer 2

the first and second ribs

Question 3

What vertebral levels correspond to the position of the corpus sterni?

Answer 3

T5-T9

Question 4

How many sternebrae form the corpus sterni?

Answer 4

4 sternebrae

Question 5

What ribs will joint with the corpus sterni via costal cartilage?

Answer 5

ribs 2 - 7

Question 6

What feature of the corpus sterni is present in 4-7% of the population?

Answer 6

a sternal foramen

Question 7

Which ribs are classified as typical ribs, true ribs, costa verae, and vertebrosternal ribs in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 7

ribs 3 - 7

Question 8

Which ribs are classified as atypical ribs, true ribs, costa verae, and vertebrosternal ribs in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 8

ribs 1 and 2

Question 9

Which ribs are classified as typical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebrochondral ribs in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 9

ribs 8 and 9

Question 10

Which ribs are classified as atypical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebrochondral ribs in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 10

rib 10

Question 11

Which ribs are classified as atypical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebral ribs in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 11

ribs 11 and 12

Question 12

What joint classification is now given to the joint between the sternum, clavicle, and first rib?

Answer 12

synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joint

Question 13

What ribs will participate in the sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 13

rib 1 to rib 7

Question 14

What is the classic classification of the first sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 14

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis

Question 15

What is the newer suggested classification of the first sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 15

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

Question 16

What is the classification of the second - seventh sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 16

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 17

What is the classification of the sixth through the ninth interchondral joints?

Answer 17

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 18

What is the classification of the fifth - sixth or ninth - tenth interchondral joint?

Answer 18

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

Question 19

Which costal cartilages fail to form a joint at their sternal end?

Answer 19

the eleventh and twelfth costal cartilages

Question 20

How many primary centers of ossification appear in the manubrium?

Answer 20

1 - 3 centers have been identified

Question 21

How many primary centers of ossification appeat in the corpus sterni?

Answer 21

typically 6

Question 22

In what part of the sternum will a secondary center of ossification appear?

Answer 22

the xiphoid process

Question 23

When does the xiphoid process first demonstrate a center of ossification?

Answer 23

sometime during or after 3 years old

Question 24

In what part of the rib will primary centers of ossification appear?

Answer 24

the body (corpus, shaft)

Question 25

In what parts of the rib will secondary centers of ossification appear?

Answer 25

the head, articular surface of the tubercle, and the non-articular surface of the tubercle

Question 26

Which ribs will demonstrate primary centers of ossification for the body (corpus or shaft)?

Answer 26

all ribs; ribs 1 - 12

Question 27

Which ribs will demonstrate secondary centers of ossification?

Answer 27

ribs 1 - 10

Question 28

Which ribs lack secondary centers of ossification?

Answer 28

ribs 11 and 12