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BPK 142 > Osteology and Arthro > Flashcards

Osteology and Arthro Flashcards

1
Q

ttrfrtdefine osteology

A

the study of bones

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2
Q

define athrology

A

science of anatomy, function, dysfunction, treatment of the bones

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3
Q

what are the functions of the skeleton

A

-supporting framework for the body
-protection for vital organs
-blood cell formation (bone marrow)
-mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus)
-attach points for muscles
-bone is plastic (mendable and placidity in bones)

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4
Q

what is the origin and insertion

A

origin: attach site to the muscle that doesn’t move

Insertion: attach site that does move with the muscle

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5
Q

give an example of the origin and insertion

A

arm:
scapula acts as origin

belly is the biceps of brachii

insertion is radius

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6
Q

what is the belly

A

muscle that joins to the origin and insertion

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7
Q

what is spongy bone

A

-contains red bone marrow
-is on outside of bone (protective layer)
-very porous

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8
Q

what is the difference between red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow

A

red bone marrow
-stem cells that can become white or red blood cells or platelets

yellow bone marrow
-mostly made of fat with stem cells that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cells

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9
Q

what is the medullary cavity

A

-hallow part of the bone in diaphysis (shaft of bone)
-bone marrow
-makes blood cells and stores fat
-turns into yellow bone marrow in adult hood
-not found in flat bones

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10
Q

what is the periosteum

A

-membrane of blood vessels and nerves that wraps around the bone
-is the blood supply for the bone
-gives bone some feeling

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11
Q

what is the distal epiphysis

A

-growth plate
-longitude growth at the end
-70% of where growth happens in the femur

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12
Q

what is the epiphyseal line

A

-at the top of the bone
-is the growth plate

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13
Q

what are octyeocytes

A

-compact calcium that has turned to bone

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14
Q

what is the matrix

A

-nutrients that surrounds the bone
-counteracts added stress (adds protection)

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15
Q

what is the matrix made up of

A

-25% water
-25% protein (collagen)
-50% mineral salts (calcium phosphate/carbonate)

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16
Q

describe in one word, what happens to adults bone as they grow with physical activity

A

-denser
-more minelerized
-adding more layer of protection

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17
Q

what bones are in the skull part of the axial Skelton

A

(skull)
-cranium (8)
-face (14)
-auditory ossieles (6)
-hyoid (throat) (1)

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18
Q

what bones are in the vertebrae part of the axial skeleton

A

nothing just the vertebrae (26)

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19
Q

what bones are in the thorax part of the axial skeleton

A

-sternum (1)
-ribs (24)

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20
Q

how many bones total are there in the axial skeleton

A

80 bones

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21
Q

what bones are in the upper appendicular Skeleton

A

-shoulder girdle (4)
-arms and hands (60)

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22
Q

what bones are in the lower appendicular skeleton

A

-pelvic girdle (2)
-legs and feet (60)

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23
Q

how many bone in total in the appendicular skeleton

A

126 bones

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24
Q

long bones

A

longer than wide

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25
Q

short bones

A

wider than longer

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26
Q

flat bones

A

flat and broad surface

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27
Q

irregular bones

A

bones that are complex shape that they don’t fit a category

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28
Q

sesamoid bones

A

small bones that forms in tendons

29
Q
A
30
Q
A
31
Q
A
32
Q
A
33
Q
A
34
Q
A
35
Q
A
36
Q
A
37
Q

what does the vertebrae column do

A

-provides flexible support for the trunk
-protects spinal cord

38
Q

what is the acetabulum

A

hip socket

39
Q
A
40
Q

what are facets?

A

flat areas in the spine

41
Q

what do interverbtal discs function as

A

shock absorbers to allow movement so the column is flexible and resilient

42
Q

define scoliosis

A

a lateral curvature of the vertebral column

43
Q

define kyphosis

A

“hump back”
an exaggerated posterior thoracic curve

44
Q

define lordosis

A

“booty/pelivic out”
an exaggerated anterior lumbar curve

45
Q

fibrous joint

A

-immovable/fixed

46
Q

True or false

A joint provides either stability and/or mobility

A

true

47
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

-slightly movable

48
Q

synovial joints

A

-freely movable
-lubricates the joint surfaces as they slide over each during joint movement to reduce friction
-supplies nutrients to and removes waste products from cartilage cells which have no direct blood supply

49
Q

what are the three classifications of joints

A

-fiborous
-cartiligounous
-synovial

50
Q

describe the the movement of the pivot joint (synovial joint)

A

-unaxial joint
-allows rotational movement

51
Q

provide an example for the pivot joint

A

-altantoaxial joint (c1-c2 vertebrae articulation)
-promixal radiolnuar joint

52
Q

describe the hinge joint movement (synovial joint)

A

-unaxial joint
-allows flexion/extension movements

53
Q

provide an example for the hinge joint

A

-knee, elbow, ankle
-interphalangeal joints of fingers and toes

54
Q

describe the movement of the condolyiod joint (synovial joint)

A

-biaxial joint
-allows flexion/extension, abduction movements, and circumduction movements

55
Q

provide an example for the condyloid joint (synovial joint)

A

-metacarpophalangeal knuckle joints of fingers
-radiocarpel joint of wrist
-metacarpel for toes

56
Q

what’s a ligament

A

fibrous connective tissue that connects bone together

57
Q

what’s a tendon

A

fibrourous connective tissue that joins muscle to bone

58
Q

what’s a bursa

A

small sac filled with novel fluid and located at frictions points
moat located between tendon and bone

59
Q

explain what a sprain is

A

overstretching of ligaments

60
Q

explain the difference types of sprains

A

1st degree: fibres are stretched
2nd degree: partial tear of ligaments
3rd degree: rupture of ligaments

61
Q

explain what a dislocation is

A

bones that are displaced

62
Q

what happens to ligaments and the surrounding area in a dislocation

A

ligaments are sprained and an be torn in severe cases
blood vessels are often ruptured and nerves may be compressed

63
Q

which parts of the body are more prone to dislocation

A

the shoulder joint and knee joint

64
Q

name 3 joint conditions and what they are

A
  1. subluxation: partial discloation
    cause: trauma and infection
  2. bursitis: inflamed bursae
    cuase: trauma and infection
  3. arthritis: joint inflammation
    cuase: trauma, infection, metabolic disorders, age
65
Q

what are some structural limits to flexibility

A

-bony structure of joints
-ligaments
-joint capsules
-muscle tendon unit

66
Q

name 6 joint movements and do them

A

-flexion, extension
-abduction, adduction
-rotation (medial and lateral)
-supination, pronation
-elevation, depression
-plantar flexion, dorsiflexion

67
Q

what is the frontal plane

A

anterior and posterior portions

68
Q

what is the sagittal plane

A

right and left sides

69
Q

what is the transverse plane

A

superior and inferior portions

BPK 142 (6 decks)

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