Osteology

Question 0

Long bones and some examples:

Answer 0

Greater length than width, examples are femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, and radius.

Question 1

What are the functions of bone and the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage

Question 2

Short bones and examples:

Answer 2

Somewhat cube shaped and nearly equal in length and width: wrist and ankle bones (phalanges, meta phalanges)

Question 3

Flat bones and some ex:

Answer 3

Generally thin, extensive surface: cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapula

Question 4

Irregular bones and examples:

Answer 4

Have complex shapes: vertebrae and some facial bones, mandible

Question 5

Diaphysis

Answer 5

The bone’s shaft or body. grows in length

Question 6

Epiphysis

Answer 6

The distal and proximal ends of the bone

Question 7

Metaphysis

Answer 7

Region in the mature bone where the diaphysis joints the epiphysis.

Question 8

Articular cartilage

Answer 8

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part if the epiphysis where the bone forms as articulation with another bone.

Question 9

Periosteum

Answer 9

A tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds bone surface wherever its not covered by articular cartilage.

Question 10

Medullary cavity

Answer 10

A hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults

Question 11

Endosteum

Answer 11

A thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Question 12

What is the structure of a bone?

Answer 12

50% crystallized mineral salts
25% collagen fibers
25% water

Question 13

Osteogenic:

Answer 13

Stem cells that undergo cell division and create osteoblasts

Question 14

Osteoblasts

Answer 14

Bone building cells, secrete and synthesize collagen fibers and other organic components to build extracellular matrix of bone tissue

Question 15

Osteocytes

Answer 15

Mature bone cells, maintain thr exchange of nutrients and wastes with the blood

Question 16

Osteoclasts:

Answer 16

Huge cells that release enzymes and acids that digest the protein and mineral components of the bone. Resorption (breakdown of extracellular matrix)

Question 17

Bone can be classified as:

Answer 17

Compact or spongy. 80% of the skeleton is compact and 20% is spongy bone

Question 18

Trabeculae contains:

Answer 18

Red bone marrow and is the only sight in adults