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Anatomy & Physiology > Arthrology > Flashcards

Arthrology Flashcards

0
Q

Kinesiology

A

The study of motion of the human body

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1
Q

Arthrology

A

The scientific study of joints

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2
Q

Articulation

A

A point of contact between bones, between cartilage and bones, between teeth and bones

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3
Q

Movement at joints is determined by:

A

Shape of articulating bone, flexibility of ligaments, tension of associated muscles and tendons.

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4
Q

Joints are classified:

A

Structurally by anatomical characteristics and functionally based on the type of movement they permit.

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5
Q

Fibrous joints:

A

No synovial cavity: held together by dense irregular connective tissue

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6
Q

Cartilaginous joints:

A

No synovial cavity; held together by cartilage.

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7
Q

Synovial joints:

A

Have a synovial cavity and are united by dense irregular connective tissue and ligaments

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8
Q

Synarthrosis:

A

Immovable joint

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9
Q

Amphiarthrosis:

A

A slightly movable joint

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10
Q

Diarthrosis:

A

A freely movable joint, all diarthrotic joints are synovial joints

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11
Q

Three types of fibrous joints:

A

Sutures: synarthrotic joint
syndesmoses: amphiarthrotic joint
interosseous membranes: amphiarthrotic joint

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12
Q

Cartilaginous joints: two types

A

Synchondrosis; synarthrotic

Symphysis; amphiarthrotic

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13
Q

Allowance of a space called a:

Allows a joint to be freely moveable

A

Synovial (joint) cavity

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14
Q

Articular joint capsule

A

Surround the synovial joint, encloses the synovial cavity, and unites the articulating bones

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15
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Secreted by the synovial membrane, more fluid means less stress on the joint. Supplies nutrients, reduces friction, remove metabolic wastes

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16
Q

Four main categories of movements at a synovial joint:

A

Gliding
Angular movements
Rotation
Special movements

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17
Q

Gliding:

A

Nearly flat bone surfaces move back and forth and side to side relative to one another. AC joint

18
Q

Angular movements:

A

increase or decrease in the angle between articulating bones. Also includes: flexion/extension, hyperextension, abduction/adduction, circumduction

19
Q

Flexion/extension:

A

Increase or decrease in angle

20
Q

Hyperextension

A

Continuation of extension beyond anatomical position

21
Q

Abduction/adduction

A

Away or toward the midline

22
Q

Circumduction

A

Movement of a distal end of a part of the body in a circle

23
Q

Rotation

A

Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis. Includes:
Rotation: head saying no
Medial/lateral rotation: limbs-defined relative to the midline

24
Q

Special movements:

A

Occur only at certain joints.
Elevation/depression: mandible/scapula
Protraction/retraction: mandible/scapula
Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion: sagittal flexion and extension of the ankle
Supination/pronation: forarm to be palm forward or palm backward
Opposition: movement of thumb across palm to touch the tip of the fingers

25
Q

Two types of synovial joints:

A

Pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket, plane (gliding)

26
Q

Pivot:

A

Rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament.
Ex: uniaxial and atlantiaxial and radioulnar joints

27
Q

Hinge:

A

Convex surface of one bone fits into the concave of another; angular opening and closing motion.
Ex: uniaxial (flexion/extension)
Knee/elbow

28
Q

Condyloid

A

Convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the concave oval-shaped depression of another.
Ex: biaxial and wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints

29
Q

Saddle

A

The articular surface of one bone is saddle shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone fits into the saddle like a rider n horse.
Ex: biaxial, carpometacarpal joint

30
Q

Ball and socket

A

The ball like surface of one bone fits into a cup like depression of another bone.
Ex: shoulder and hip joints, triaxial

31
Q

Plane (gliding)

A

Flat or slightly curved surfaces

Ex: biaxial, triaxial, carpal bones and SC and AC joints

32
Q

Arthralgia

A

Pain in a joint

33
Q

Bursectomy

A

Removal of a bursa

34
Q

Chondritis:

A

Inflammation of cartilage

35
Q

Luxation and subluxation

A

Displacement of bone from a joint, subluxation is incomplete dislocatiob

36
Q

Synovitis

A

Inflammation of a synovial membrane in a joint

37
Q

Four types of arthritis:

A

Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid, gout, infectious

38
Q

Osteoarthritis:

A

Degenerative; bone spurs, thickening of synovial membrane, ateophy of cartilage

39
Q

Rheumatoid:

A

Autoimmue, swelling of joints

40
Q

Gout

A

Uric acids forming crystals around joints

41
Q

Infectious

A

Brought on by infections such as gonorrhea and tuberculosis.

42
Q

Four joints of the shoulder girdle:

A

Sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, glenohumeral

43
Q

Two joints of the hip girdle:

A

Acetabulofemor joint and sacroiliac joint

Anatomy & Physiology (4 decks)

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