Osteology Flashcards
How are bones classified?
Based on shape and location
What are the bone locations and list examples of each
Axial - skull, vertebrae, ribs
Appendicular - limbs (thoracic and pelvic)
Heterotopic - occurring at abnormal locations (os penis, os rostrum, os cordis)
What are the 5 bone shapes
Long - found only in the limbs, longer than wide, act as levers
Short - only in the limbs, tall as wide, complex movements, carpal and tarsal bones
Flat - reduced in 1 of 3 dimensions, site of hermatopoiesis, scapula, ribs
Irregular - irregular in shape, vertebrae, pelvis, some skull
Sesamoid - seed shaped, found imbedded within tends, located near joints and bony prominences
What are ossification centers and when do they form
Primary ossification center appears before birth in the diaphysis
Secondary ossification center appears after birth in the epiphysis
May be more than one secondary ossification center
Short bones have a single primary center that appears after birth
What are the regions of the thoracic limb
Shoulder - scapula
Brachium - humerus
Antebrachium - radius & ulna
Manus - carpal & metacarpla bones, phalanges, proximal sesamoid bones
What bones is the carpus composed of
The carpus is composed of 8 carpal bones in 2 rows
Proximal Row - radial, intermediate, ulnar, accessory
Distal Row - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th
The radial and intermediate fuse to form the intermedioradial carpal bone
What are the regions of the pelvic limb
Hip - os coxa
Thigh - femur
Crus - tibia & fibula
Pes - tarsal & metatarsal bones, phalanges, and proximal sesamoid bones
What is the os coxa
Located in the hip
Consists of 4 fused bones - ilium, ischium, pubis, acetabulum
Which bones comprise the tarsus
Talus, calcaneus, central tarsal bone, and tarsal bones 1,2,3, and 4
What are the joints of the thoracic limb
Humeral joint - between glenoid cavity of scapula & humeral head
Cubital joint - between humerus, radius, ulna
Radioulnar joint - between radius and ulna
Antebrachiocarpal joint - between proximal row of carpal bones and radius and ulna
Middle Carpal joint - collection of intercarpal joints between the proximal and distal carpal bones
Carpometacarpal joint - between carpal and metacarpal bones
Metocaropophalangeal joint - between metacarpals & proximal phalanges
Proximal Interphalangeal joint - between proximal & middle phalanges
Distal Interphalangeal joint - between middle & distal phalanges
What are the joints of the pelvic limb
Sacroiliac joint - between sacrum & ilium
Coxal - between os coxa and the head of the femur
Genual joint - between the femur, tibia, and patella
Tibiofibular joint - between the tibia and fibula
Tarsal joint - tarsal bones with each other and adjacent bones
Tarsocrural joint - between the tibia, fibula, and the talus
What are the intertarsal joints
Talocalcaneal joint - between the talus and the calcaneus
Talocalcaneocentral joint - between the talus, calcaneous, and central tarsal bone
Calcaneoquartal joint - between calcaneus and tarsal bone #4
Centrodistal joint - collective intertarsal joints between central tarsal bone and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th tarsal bones
