Osteokinematics Flashcards
How is the Sagittal plane divided?
Divides the body into left and right halves
Movement in the sagittal plane
typically flexion and extension
How is the frontal plane divided?
Divides the body into front and back sections
Movement in the frontal plane
Nearly all Abduction and adduction motions
How is the Horizontal (transverse) plane divided?
Divides the body into upper and lower sections
Movement in the transverse plane
Nearly all rotational movements such as internal and external rotation of the shoulder or hip and rotation of the trunk occur in the horizontal plane
Anterior-posterior axes of rotation
oriented in an anterio-posterior direction though the joint and allows movement to occur in the frontal plane e.g., hip abduction/adduction
Medial-lateral axes of rotation
oriented in a medial-lateral direction through a joint and allows motion to occur in the sagittal plane. e.g., elbow flexion/extension
Vertical (longitudinal)
oriented in a vertical direction through a joint and allows motion to occur in the horizontal (transverse) plane. Rotational movements, e.g., trunk rotation
Degrees of freedom
Refers to the number of planes of motion allowed at a joint (1,2 or 3)
Flexion
Motion of one bone approaching the flexor surface of another
Extension
An approximation of the extensor surfaces of two bones
Abduction
Frontal plane movement away from the midline
Adduction
Frontal plane movement toward the midline
Rotation
Bony segment spinning about its longitudinal axis of rotation
Internal Rotation
Anterior bone surface rotates toward the midline
External Rotation
Anterior bone surface rotates away from the midline
Circumduction
A circular motion through two planes
Protraction
Translation of bone away from midline in a plane parallel to the ground
Retraction
Movement of a bony segment toward the midline in a plane parallel to the ground
Horizontal adduction and abduction
Shoulder motions in the transverse plane - Horizontal adduction: hands come together - Horizontal abduction: extremities move away from midline
pronation
forearm movement that turns the palms posteriorly
Supination
Forearm movement that turns the palms anteriorly
radial deviation
lateral hand movement toward the radius
Ulnar deviation
Medial hand movement toward the ulna
Dorsiflexion
Sagittal plane ankle motion bringing the foot upwards
plantar flexion
Sagittal plane ankle motion pushing the foot downward
Inversion
Frontal plane motion results in a medial-facing foot sole
Eversion
Frontal plane motion results in a lateral-facing foot sole
What are the two perspectives of movement at a joint?
Open chain and closed chain motion
Open chain motion
Movement of distal segment of bone about a relatively fixed proximal segment
Closed chain motion
Movement of proximal segment of bone about a relatively fixed distal segment