Osteokinematics

Question 1

How is the Sagittal plane divided?

Answer 1

Divides the body into left and right halves

Question 2

Movement in the sagittal plane

Answer 2

typically flexion and extension

Question 3

How is the frontal plane divided?

Answer 3

Divides the body into front and back sections

Question 4

Movement in the frontal plane

Answer 4

Nearly all Abduction and adduction motions

Question 5

How is the Horizontal (transverse) plane divided?

Answer 5

Divides the body into upper and lower sections

Question 6

Movement in the transverse plane

Answer 6

Nearly all rotational movements such as internal and external rotation of the shoulder or hip and rotation of the trunk occur in the horizontal plane

Question 7

Anterior-posterior axes of rotation

Answer 7

oriented in an anterio-posterior direction though the joint and allows movement to occur in the frontal plane e.g., hip abduction/adduction

Question 8

Medial-lateral axes of rotation

Answer 8

oriented in a medial-lateral direction through a joint and allows motion to occur in the sagittal plane. e.g., elbow flexion/extension

Question 9

Vertical (longitudinal)

Answer 9

oriented in a vertical direction through a joint and allows motion to occur in the horizontal (transverse) plane. Rotational movements, e.g., trunk rotation

Question 10

Degrees of freedom

Answer 10

Refers to the number of planes of motion allowed at a joint (1,2 or 3)

Question 11

Flexion

Answer 11

Motion of one bone approaching the flexor surface of another

Question 12

Extension

Answer 12

An approximation of the extensor surfaces of two bones

Question 13

Abduction

Answer 13

Frontal plane movement away from the midline

Question 14

Adduction

Answer 14

Frontal plane movement toward the midline

Question 15

Rotation

Answer 15

Bony segment spinning about its longitudinal axis of rotation

Question 16

Internal Rotation

Answer 16

Anterior bone surface rotates toward the midline

Question 17

External Rotation

Answer 17

Anterior bone surface rotates away from the midline

Question 18

Circumduction

Answer 18

A circular motion through two planes

Question 19

Protraction

Answer 19

Translation of bone away from midline in a plane parallel to the ground

Question 20

Retraction

Answer 20

Movement of a bony segment toward the midline in a plane parallel to the ground

Question 21

Horizontal adduction and abduction

Answer 21

Shoulder motions in the transverse plane - Horizontal adduction: hands come together - Horizontal abduction: extremities move away from midline

Question 22

pronation

Answer 22

forearm movement that turns the palms posteriorly

Question 23

Supination

Answer 23

Forearm movement that turns the palms anteriorly

Question 24

radial deviation

Answer 24

lateral hand movement toward the radius

Question 25

Ulnar deviation

Answer 25

Medial hand movement toward the ulna

Question 26

Dorsiflexion

Answer 26

Sagittal plane ankle motion bringing the foot upwards

Question 27

plantar flexion

Answer 27

Sagittal plane ankle motion pushing the foot downward

Question 28

Inversion

Answer 28

Frontal plane motion results in a medial-facing foot sole

Question 29

Eversion

Answer 29

Frontal plane motion results in a lateral-facing foot sole

Question 30

What are the two perspectives of movement at a joint?

Answer 30

Open chain and closed chain motion

Question 31

Open chain motion

Answer 31

Movement of distal segment of bone about a relatively fixed proximal segment

Question 32

Closed chain motion

Answer 32

Movement of proximal segment of bone about a relatively fixed distal segment