Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis

Question 1

Osteomalacia

Answer 1

Softening of the bones caused by impaired bone metabolism primarily due to inadequate levels of available phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D, or because of resorption of calcium. Known as “Rickets” in children
• Patients will present with diffuse joint and bone pain, muscle weakness, soft deformed bones, fractures due to weight bearing, forward flexed posture

Question 2

Paget’s

Answer 2

• Caused by the excessive breakdown and formation of bone, followed by disorganized bone remodeling. This causes affected bone to weaken, resulting in pain, misshapen bones, fractures and arthritis in the joints near the affected bones
• The pelvis, femur, and lower lumbar vertebrae are the most commonly affected bones
• Viral and genetic causes

Question 3

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 3

• Brittle bone disease
• Genetic disorder - autosomal dominant trait
• Involves defective development of connective tissue (lack of Type 1 collagen) causing abnormally brittle/fragile bones that are easily fractured
• Varies in severity (mild to severe)

Question 4

Osteopetrosis

Answer 4

• Very rare, inherited deficiency in carbonic anhydrase
• Osteoclast dysfunction – do not get bone breakdown
• Despite excess bone, this patient population has brittle bones and an increased risk of fracture