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Outcome measures > Anatomy Questions > Flashcards

Anatomy Questions Flashcards

1
Q

LIST THE ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLES FROM LATERAL TO MEDIAL.

A

Lateral to medial orientations of erector spinae: I Love Spine
o Iliocostalis
o Longissimus
o Spinalis

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2
Q
  1. LIST THE ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES.
A 
- Rotator cuff muscles: SITS
o Supraspinatus
o Infraspinatus
o Teres minor
o Subscapularis
- All but supraspinatus depress the humerus (supraspinatus = abductor) to keep it from upwardly translating during abduction – prevents head of humerus from hitting acromion or coracoacromial ligament
- Lateral rotation of teres minor and infraspinatus prevent greater tubercle from hitting acromion
- Stabilize GH joint
- Keep humeral head in joint
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3
Q

LIST THE COMPONENTS OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS. BE ABLE TO DRAW THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS!

A 
Remember To Drink Cold Beer
o Rami – ventral primary rami (C5 – T1)
o Trunks – superior, middle, inferior
o Divisions – anterior, posterior
o Cords – lateral, posterior, medial
o Branches
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4
Q

WHICH MUSCLES DOES THE RADIAL NERVE INNERVATE?

A 
BEST
o Brachioradialis
o Extensors of wrist and fingers
o Supinator
o Triceps
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5
Q

WHICH MUSCLES DOES THE MEDIAN NERVE INNERVATE IN THE ARM?

A

The median nerve does not innervate any muscles in the arm – it gives off the anterior interosseus nerve in the cubital fossa

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6
Q

WHICH MUSCLE DOES THE MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE PIERCE IN THE ARM?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve
o Innervates all muscles of anterior compartment of arm
o Pierces coracobrachialis muscle

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7
Q

WHAT ANATOMICAL FEATURES CREATE THE SNUFF BOX?

A

Anatomical snuff box
o Formed by abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus
o Contents
▪ Radial artery
▪ Cephalic vein
▪ Superficial branch of the radial nerve
o Actual borders = extensor pollicis brevis and longus

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8
Q
  1. WHICH BONES IS THE FLEXOR RETINACULUM ATTACHED TO?
A

Flexor retinaculum
o A.k.a. transverse carpal ligament
o Roof of the carpal tunnel
o Attached to tubercle of scaphoid bone and pisiform bone

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9
Q

WHICH NERVES INNERVATE THE ANTERIOR, MEDIAL AND POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH?

A

o Anterior – femoral nerve (exception = iliopsoas – femoral n. & lumbar plexus; pectineus = femoral n. & obturator n.)
o Medial – obturator nerve (exception = adductor magnus – obturator n. & tibial n.)
o Posterior – sciatic nerve

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10
Q

WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF THE FEMORAL TRIANGLE, FROM LATERAL TO MEDIAL?

A 
NAVL – anterior view – lateral to medial
o Femoral Nerve
o Femoral Artery
o Femoral Vein
o Femoral Lymphatics
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11
Q

LIST THE CONTENTS OF THE ADDUCTOR CANAL.

A

Contents of adductor canal
o Nerve to vastus medialis – Femoral Nerve
o Femoral artery (this only passes through hiatus)
o Femoral vein (this only passes through hiatus)
o Saphenous nerve

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12
Q

LIST THE BORDERS OF THE ADDUCTOR CANAL.

A
  • Anterior: Sartorius
  • Lateral: Vastus medialis
  • Posterior: Adductor longus and adductor magnus
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13
Q

DESCRIBE THE TRAJECTORY OF THE PCL AND ACL.

A

(1) The PCL is the PAIN ligament
o Attaches to Posterior aspect of tibia
o Courses Anteriorly and INternally (medially) to attach to medial condyle of femur
(2) The ACL is the APEX ligament
o Attaches to medial and Anterior aspect of tibia
o Courses superiorly Posteriorly and Externally (laterally) to attach to lateral condyle of femur

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14
Q

LIST THE TENDONS PASSING ON THE MEDIAL SIDE OF THE ANKLE FROM VENTRAL TO DORSAL.

A 
Tendons passing on medial side of ankle (ventral to dorsal) in flexor retinaculum: Tom Dick And Nervous Harry
o Tibialis posterior
o Flexor Digitorum longus
o Posterior tibial Artery
o Posterior tibial Nerve
o Flexor Hallucis longus
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15
Q

LIST THE SCIATIC NERVE DIVISIONS AND THEIR ACTIONS.

A

Sciatic nerve divisions and actions: PED TIP
o Peroneal Everts and Dorsiflexes (if injured results in foot drop)
o Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes (if injured can’t stand on TIP toes)

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16
Q

LIST THE BORDERS OF THE CUBITAL FOSSA.

A
  • Border
    o Superior imaginary border (line between lateral and medial epicondyles)
    o Brachioradialis (lateral)
    o Pronator teres (medial)
    o Brachialis and supinator (floor)
    o Biceps aponeurosis (roof) is NOT the same thing as biceps tendon
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17
Q

LIST THE CONTENTS OF THE CUBITAL FOSSA.

A 
TAN
o Biceps Tendon
o Brachial Artery
o Median Nerve
o Bicipital aponeurosis
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18
Q

LIST THE 4 MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE THUMB.

A 
Thumb
o E pollicis longus
o EP brevis
o Abductor pollicis longus
o F pollicis longus
19
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HAND WHEN EXTENSOR DIGITORUM CONTRACTS? WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

A
  • When extensor digitorum (ED) contracts, hood pulled proximally → no MP flexion → intrinsics extend PIP and DIP simultaneously (mechanical coupling via extensor hood)
  • When ED relaxed, lumbricals generate tension from point volar to MP joint and then can flex MP while extending PIP and DIP
  • Why is this important? Tenodesis grip
20
Q

WHAT IS GUYON’S TUNNEL?

A

Guyon’s tunnel
o Tunnel formed by pisiform, hamate hook and pisohamate ligament
o Transmits ulnar nerve and artery

21
Q

WHICH MUSCLES HAVE ATTACHMENTS TO THE GREATER OR LESSER TROCHANTER?

A 
- Greater trochanter attachments
o Piriformis
o Gluteus maximus
o Gluteus minimus
- Lesser trochanter
o Iliopsoas
22
Q

WHICH MUSCLES CREATE THE BOUNDARY OF THE POPLITEAL FOSSA?

A 
Popliteal fossa
o Boundaries
▪ Biceps femoris (superolaterally)
▪ Semimembranosus (superomedially)
▪ Gastrocnemius (inferomedially and inferolaterally by medial and lateral heads respectively)
23
Q

THE SAPHENOUS NERVE AND SURAL NERVE ARE TERMINAL BRANCHES OF WHICH NERVES?

A
  • Saphenous n – terminal branch of femoral n

- Sural n – branch of tibial n and common peroneal.

24
Q

In front of the vertebral bodies. Connects them from the occipital bone to the sacrum. Secures intervertebral discs. Prevents hyperextension (whiplash)

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

25
Q

Posterior aspect of vertebral bodies. Prevents hyperflexion and posterior protrusion of discs. Runs from C2 to sacrum and continuous with tectorial membrane (attached superiorly to occipital bone).

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

26
Q

Attaches tips of vertebral spinous processes

A

Supraspinous ligaments

27
Q

Yellow in colour and connects vertebral lamina (between transverse and spinous processes)

A

Ligamentum flavum

28
Q

Connect vertebra spines

A

Interspinous ligaments

29
Q

Thickening of pia mater on lateral sides between nerve roots. Adheres to arachnoid and dura. Laterally stabilizes spinal cord

A

Denticulate ligament

30
Q

Vertical stabilization of spinal cord. Elongation off lower end of spinal cord inferior to pia mater.

A

Filum terminale

31
Q

Symphyses (cartilaginous) – intervertebral discs between vertebral bodies; weight-bearing and strength. Synovial joint between articular processes. Cartilaginous and synovial joints between vertebral bodies

A

Joints

32
Q

Radial nerve injury in upper arm; paralysis of extensors.

A

Wrist Drop

33
Q

Mechanism on injury is often falling on palm.

A

Scaphoid Fracture

34
Q

Median nerve injury at level of elbow; impaired PIP and DIP at first 3 fingers, therefore no finger flexion.

A

Hand of Benediction

35
Q

Ulnar nerve injury at wrist; impaired intrinsics so no PIP and DIP extension.

A

Claw Hand

36
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament sprain. Caused by forced radial deviation of MCP of the thumb.

A

Skier’s thumb

37
Q

Distal radius fracture

A

Colle’s Fracture

38
Q

Most mobile and shock absorbing; attaches to the calcaneus, talus, all cuneiforms, and 1,2,3 metatarsals

A

Medial Longitudinal Arch

39
Q

Attaches to the calcaneus, cuboid, 4,5 metatarsals; weight bearing.

A

Lateral longitudinal Arch

40
Q

Forms posterior arch; connects the distal row of tarsals and bases of metatarsals

A

Transverse Arch

41
Q

Stabilizes medial longitudinal arch

A

Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

42
Q

Support longitudinal arches; form tunnel for tendon of fibularis longus

A

Long and short plantar ligaments

43
Q

Divides foot into medial, lateral, central compartments

A

Plantar aponeurosis

Outcome measures (7 decks)

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