osteoarthritis LP 2

Question 1

what is a chornic degenerative, progressive deterioration of a joint characterized by a loss of articular cartilage?

Answer 1

osteoarthritis

Question 2

what two structures are damaged with OA?

Answer 2

subchondral bone and articular cartilage

Question 3

what two things form from osteoarthritis?

Answer 3

acute low grade inflammation and osteophytes

Question 4

what happens to the joint when the space between decreases?

Answer 4

rubbing of joints which leads to lay down or ossification and forms osteophytes

Question 5

what is the first sign of OA?

Answer 5

presences of a capsular pattern forming

Question 6

what posture can cause OA?

Answer 6

lordotic curve of the lumbar spine (anterior pelvic tilt)

Question 7

would ligaments have a closed packed position with OA?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

what joints are most commonly effected by OA?

Answer 8

weight bearing
hips, knees, Si joint, L5 and S1
small joint in the hands and feet
lumbar and cervical joints

Question 9

what is primary OA?

Answer 9

idiopathic due to number of factors

Question 10

what factors cause primary OA?

Answer 10

aging
wear and tear
genetic factors

Question 11

what is secondary OA?

Answer 11

identifiable cause such as trauma or pathology leading to the degeneration

Question 12

what things can cause secondary OA?

Answer 12

mechanical incongruity
inflammation
bone disease
bleeding disorders
neurological disorder
excessive intra-articular steroid injections
endocrine disease

Question 13

place the follow in the correct order of progression of OA:
articular cartilage
capsule
synovial membrane
muscles
subchondral bone
ligaments

Answer 13

articular cartilage
subchondral bone
synovial membrane
capsule
ligaments
muscles

Question 14

what things will happen when articular cartilage becomes impacted from OA?

Answer 14

fibrillation (breaking down layers begging)
fissuring: (breaking down of deep layers)
erosion: (thinning of cartilage)
lipping: (extra cartilage laid down and forms rim or lip around edges)

Question 15

what things will happen when subchondral bone becomes impacted from OA?

Answer 15

sclerosis: (bone becomes spongy and replaced by cortical bone)
cyst formation: (bone can’t hold weight and breaks down)
eburnation: (bone rubs together)
osteophytes formation: (osteophytes or bone spurs form)

Question 16

when would you see low grade inflammation in OA?

Answer 16

when capsule becomes effected

Question 17

what are some early signs of OA?

Answer 17

few visible changes
swelling is low grade
decrease ROM
normal springy end feel
stiffness in the morning last about 1/2 hour and relieved by moving
muscle guarding

Question 18

what are some late signs of OA?

Answer 18

visible palpable changes in joint size and shape
swelling is still low grade
end feel is bony and premature
morning stiffens is longer then 1/2 hour
progressive loss of ROM (especially in PR)

Question 19

how would a flare up present?

Answer 19

inflammation signs (PRISH)
low grade edema

Question 20

what are the normal / typical signs of OA in a person?

Answer 20

normally in age 40+
onset pain and with weight bearing mostly
pain at night
muscle spasm
stiffness
loss of Range
muscle wasting and weakness
joint deformation

Question 21

what order would OA appear in men?

Answer 21

hips
knee
spine
ankle
shoulder
fingers

Question 22

what order would OA appear in women?

Answer 22

knee
fingers
spine
hip
ankle
shoulder

Question 23

what is degenerative disc disease?

Answer 23

degeneration of the annulus fibrosis of a disc. results on pain, tearing, scarring and clefts

Question 24

what areas of the spine are most likely to see DDD?

Answer 24

lumbar and cervical

Question 25

is ddd more common in men or women?

Answer 25

men

Question 26

what is a disc herniation?

Answer 26

bulging of the nucleus pulpous against the outer layers of the annulus fibrosis into the intervertebral space

Question 27

what is the tearing of both the inner and outer layers of the annual fibrosis causing the nucleus pulpous to bulge directly into the outside space?

Answer 27

disc prolapse

Question 28

what can cause disc trauma?

Answer 28

postural or occupational leading to excessive rotation fixation of the spine direct trauma

Question 29

what are some signs and symptoms of disc damage?

Answer 29

joint dysfunction muscle spasms osteophytes radiating pain nerve root damage or compression

Question 30

what's the most common position of pain?

Answer 30

forward flexion

Question 31

what kind of questions could you ask someone with DDD or OA?

Answer 31

did you have any injections in any joints (commonly leads to OA) what occupations do you have (desk work can cause postural changes over time leading to disc pain) what position causes pain (flexion is a sign of DDD)

Question 32

what position causing facet joint pain?

Answer 32

extension and ipsilateral rotation

Question 33

what would you encourage clients to do in the early stages of OA?

Answer 33

move through pain

Question 34

what activities are beneficial for OA or any disc damage?

Answer 34

swimming walking

Question 35

what's a big part of treating OA or DDD?

Answer 35

correcting predisposing factors (posture and biomechanics)

Question 36

What are the CIS for OA?

Answer 36

No mobilizing bony blocks or hyper flexible joints No hydro during flare up No frictions around affected joints