Diabetes LP 1 Flashcards
what type of diabetes is “honey tasting”?
diabetes mellitus
what is the definition of diabetes mellitus?
disorder of carbohydrates, proteins and fat metabolism resulting in an imbalance between insulin available and needed
what are some late complications of diabetes?
renal failure, blindness, amputations, sometimes death in more severe cases
what hormone is produced by the pancreas?
insulin
where is glucose stored too?
pancreas and stored as glycogen
what can cause diabetes mellitus?
- insulin deficiency / impaired production
- defective insulin receptors
- genetic predisposition
- environmental factors
which type of diabetes is known as ‘juvenile diabetes’?
type 1
which type of diabetes is insulin dependent?
type 1
what type of diabetes is it common to have ketosis?
what effected does ketosis have?
type 1
breath can smell like acetone or alcohol
what are common symptoms of type 1 diabetes?
polyuria
polydipsia
polyphasic
glycosuria / ketonuria
difficultly stabilizing
sweet breath
weight loss
what is another name for type 2 diabetes?
maturity onset diabetes
why don’t type 2 diabetes develop ketosis?
they produce enough insulin to prevent the abnormal breakdown fat to prevent ketosis to develop
what is a factor that causes an individual to be at high risk of type 2 diabetes?
upper body obesity
how would you treat diabetes type 2?
diet and exercise
20-30% require insulin
what are some symptoms of type 2 diabetes?
infections
slow wound healing
numbness and tingling
blurred vision
fairly easy to stablize and control
what type would you avoid diaphramaic breathing?
type 1
what is secondary diabetes?
diabetes resulting in underlying pathologies
(drug induced, hormonal, pancreatic disease, etc)
what does insulin do for the body?
aids in the uptake and storage of glucose in the liver, skeletal muscle and fat cells.
(works as the gate to storage in the body cells)
what happens when you lack insulin?
accumulation of glucose in the blood causing blood sugar levels to elevate.
how does ketosis develop?
insulin inhibits the breakdown of fat. when absence, fatty acids are released from fat cells which then releases ketones.
what does increased blood glucose lead too?
hyperglycaemia
what is glucosuira?
high amounts of glucose in urine
what is polyuria?
excessive urination
what is polydipsia?
excessive loss of fluids leading to increased thirst
what effects would improper fat metabolism have on the body?
ketosis / ketonemia
ketones in urine
weight loss
protein used as fuel source / energy
muscle wasting
increased appetite
what is peripheral neuropathies?
parasthesia in the legs and feet, muscle weakness, foot drop, carpal tunnel syndrome or any other compression syndromes
what is vasomotor reflex defects?
leas to dizziness and syncope (fainting) when moving from supine to standing
describe what impaired innervation to the bladder can lead to
lead to urinary stasis and the development of bladder infections and renal complications
describe nephropathies
an increase susceptibility to pylonephritis and papillary or glomerulo sclerosis
describe retinopathies
increased vision problems (blindness is common with diabetes)
what kind of contracture is common with diabetes later on?
dupuytrens contacture
how do you care for diabetic foot ulcers?
keep it warm, dry, and clean
what areas are commonly damage for ulceration?
back of heal, great toe, and plantar metatarsal
what should you look for when check diabetic feet?
blisters, open sores, or infections
what is reflex sympathetic dystrophy?
pain, hyperaesthesia, tenderness, etc
what is gestational diabetes?
glucose intolerance during pregnancy
how long after delivery can new mothers develop diabetes?
5-10 years
what are some questions you can ask a diabetic client?
what symptoms have you been experiencing (three polys)?
where are their injection sites?
when did they last take their insulin?
is there any signs of foot ulcerations?
what kind of test can we offer diabetic clients?
muscle strength testing or nerve damage or compression testing
when should diabetics book massage appointments?
right after insulin injections to prevent destabilizing
what is a diabetic coma?
too much glucose relative to insulin.
slow process and easier to catch
what is a diabetic shock?
too much insulin relative to glucose.
much faster process and harder to catch
what are the signs and symptoms of diabetic shock / coma?
slurred speech
delusional
cold sweats
going towards unconsciousness
should you give someone sugar or insulin when experiencing coma / shock symptoms?
sugar never insulin
what kind of pressure should you treat diabetic client with?
light pressure due to fragile skin
what natural remedy should be avoided with diabetics?
euclypits
what herb lowers blood sugar levels?
euceucalyputs
what is diabetes insidious?
bland tasting
vasopressin hormone availability or function
rare
what is neurogenic diabetes insipidus?
deficiency in the synthesis or release of ADH from pituitary gland
What are the CIS for diabetics?
No deep
No treating injection sites
Modify hydro
