Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A2: Musculoskeletal > Osteoarthritis and Reactive Arthritis > Flashcards

Osteoarthritis and Reactive Arthritis Flashcards

1
Q

Define reactive arthritis.

A

Sterile inflammation in joints following infection, especially urogenital and gastrointestinal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

State a urogenital infection that can cause reactive arthritis.

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give some examples of gastrointestinal infections that are associated with reactive arthritis.

A

Shigella Salmonella Campylobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What subset of the population does reactive arthritis tend to occur in?

A

It occurs mainly in young adults with a genetic predisposition and an environmental trigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long after the infection does the reactive arthritis tend toappear?

A

1-4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the features of the arthritis in reactive arthritis.

A

It is an asymmetrical arthritis that occurs in relatively few joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reactive arthritis can cause enthesopathy. Which entheses are likely to get affected and what symptoms will that cause?

A

Achilles tendonitis Dactylitis Metatarsalgia (painful feet because of inflammation of the palmar fascia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a very common feature of seronegative spondyloarthropathies?

A

Sacro-iliitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

State some extra-articular features of reactive arthritis?

A

Sterile conjunctivitis Sterile urethritis Circinate balanitis Keratoderma blennorhagicum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the triad of symptoms that can be used to describereactive arthritis?

A

Reiter’s syndrome – joint inflammation + urethritis + conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where can you get spondylitis in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

At the atlanto-axial joint – there is synovium her

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the main differences between rheumatoid arthritis and reactive arthritis.

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis vs Reactive Arthritis Sex Ratio: F>M - M>F Arthritis: Symmetrical, Polyarticular, Small&Large Joints - Asymmetrical, Oligoarticular, Large joints Enthesopathy: NO - YES Spondylitis: NO (Except atlanto-axial joint in cervical spine) - YES Urethritis: NO - YES Skin involvement: Subcutaneous nodules - K.blennorhagicum, Circinate balanitis Rheumatoid factor: YES - NO HLA association: HLA-DR4 - HLA-B27

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the main danger in septic arthritis?

A

The bacteria produce metalloproteinases that can rapidly degrade thearticular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the main differences between septic arthritis and reactive arthritis?

A

Septic arthritis has a positive synovial fluid culture It is treated with antibiotics and may even require joint lavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the treatment of reactive arthritis.

A

It usually resolves by itself NSAIDs to control pain and symptomatic treatment of extra-articular manifestations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define osteoarthritis.

A

Chronic slowly progressive disorder due to failure of articular cartilage that typically affects the hands (especially those involved in the pinch grip), spine and weight-bearing joints (hips and knees)

17
Q

Which joints are most commonly affected in osteoarthritis?

A

DIP PIP First metacarpophalangeal joint Spine Knees Hips First metatarsophalangeal joint

18
Q

What are the names given to the osteophytes found on the hand in osteoarthritis?

A

Bouchard’s Nodes – PIP Heberden’s Nodes – DIP

19
Q

What are some other associations of osteoarthritis?

A

Joint pain (worse with activity) Joint crepitus Joint instability Joint enlargement Joint stiffness after immobility Limitation of motion

20
Q

What are some radiographic features of osteoarthritis?

A

Joint space narrowing Osteophytes Subchondral bony sclerosis Subchondral cysts

21
Q

Describe the differences between the radiographic features of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis also has joint space narrowing but it doesn’t have subchondral sclerosis or osteophytes There is osteopenia and there are bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis but not in osteoarthritis

22
Q

What can the osteoarthritis be caused by?

A

Abnormal cartilage Abnormal stress

23
Q

What is the most important component of articular cartilage?

A

Aggrecan

24
Q

What is aggrecan made up of?

A

Chondroitin sulphate – glucuronic acid + N-acetyl galactosamine Keratan sulphate – galactose + N-acetyl glucosamine

25
Q

What is a proteoglycan?

A

Glycoproteins that contain one or more sulphated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains

26
Q

What is special about hyaluronic acid?

A

It is the only non-sulphated GAG

27
Q

What are the disaccharides in hyaluronic acid?

A

Glucuronic acid N-acetyl glucosamine

28
Q

How is osteoarthritis managed?

A

Physiotherapy – strengthening the muscle around the joint improves joint stability Analgesia – paracetamol, NSAIDs, intra-articular corticosteroid injections Joint replacement Weight loss where appropriate

A2: Musculoskeletal (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions