Osteoarthritis Flashcards
what are the 5 characteristics
articular cartilage thinning or loss loss of joint space osteophytes sclerosis subchondral cysts
what are risk factors
age, obesity, injury, musce weakness, proprioceptive defects, genetics, acromegaly, joint inflammation or crystal deposition
what type of OA are the different leg deformities associated with
genu varum = medial OA genu valgum = lateral OA
what causes it
can be idiopathic but also secondary to risk factors above
what are non specific symptoms
pain (relieved by rest but this may progress to not) crepitus joint swelling - bony enlargement due to osteophytes joint tenderness and effusion
what are hand specific symptoms
DIP, PIP and 1st CMC joints mainly bony enlargements may be seen at DIPs (heberdens nodes) or PIPs (bouchards nodes) squaring of hands
what are knee specific symptoms
osteophytes effusions crepitus restriction of movement genu varus or valgus deformities bakers cyst in popliteal fossa
what are hip specific symptoms
pain may be felt in groin or radiating to knee pain felt in hip may be radiating from lower back hip movements restricted
what are spine specific symptoms
cervical - pain and restriction of neck movement lumbar - pain on standing or walking for some time osteophytes can cause spinal stenosis if encroach on spinal canal or pinch on nerve root
how is it diagnosed
clinical and radiological: loss of joint space subchondral sclerosis subchondral cysts osteophytes
what is the radiographic grading scale used to determine severity
Kellgren-Lawrence scale
what is 0 on kellgren-lawrence scale
no radiographic findings of osteoarthritis
what is 1 on kellgren-lawrence scale
minute osteophytes of doubtful clinical significance
what is 2 on kellgren-lawrence scale
definite osteophytes with unimpaired joint space
what is 3 on kellgren-lawrence scale
definite osteophytes with moderate joint space narrowing
