Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

movement > Osteoarthritis > Flashcards

Osteoarthritis Flashcards

1
Q

outline the managment stages of OA

A

analgesia
lifestyle changes
surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is passive insufficiency

A

inability of muscle to lengthen adequate for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

tension injuries result in

A

avulsion fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are Heberden’s nodes

A

bony osteophytes on the DIP joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the risk factors for OA

A 
injury
congenital malformation
hypermobility
obesity
family history
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

compression injuries lead to

A

vertebral fractures (esp in osteoporosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

oral analgesics used in the treatment of OA

A

regular paracetamol
NSAIDs (with PPI, cardiac effects and renal failure in the elderly)
opioids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

list the radiographic signs of OA

A

joint space narrowing
osteophyte formation
subchondral bone sclerosis
formation of subchondral cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list the 3 S’s of muscle action

A

swing - pivot at joint
shunt - holds joint surfaces together
spin - produces rotation, supination or pronation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

injury caused by shear force

A

ligament rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 functions of ligaments`

A

resist tensile forces

proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do ligaments differ from tendons

A

richer nervous supply and vascular supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

torsion injuries result in

A

spiral fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the functions of fibrocartilage/menisci

A

distributes load

minimise friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what causes reduced joint space

A

loss of articular cartilage (focal cartilage destruction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 functions of tendons

A

transmit tensile forces
store energy
resist compression and shear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the first line pharmacological treatment for OA

A

topical NSAIDS

18
Q

what is active insufficiency

A

inability of muscle to contract enough to produce movement

19
Q

what type of collagen is contained in tendons and ligaments

A

Col I

20
Q

what si the function of hyaline cartilage

A

absorb shock

minimise friction

21
Q

investigations of OA

A

radiograph
inflammatory markers (to exclude RA)
aspiration of synovial fluid (should be clear)

22
Q

how many joints are affected in oligoarthritis

A

2-4 joints

23
Q

how many joints are affected in poly arthritis

A

more than 4

24
Q

what are the symptoms of inflammatory joint disease

A 
early morning stiffness/worse after rest
systemic:
- malaise
-weightloss
- fatigue
-fever
redness of overlying skin
joint effusion and synovial thickening
25
Q

what are the differences between articular and periarticular pain

A

articular:

  • pain all around the joint
  • exacerbated by movements in all directions
  • active and passive movement is equally affected
  • joint line tenderness
  • swelling in the confines of joint capsule

periarticular

  • localised pain in certain directions of movement
  • passive movement easier than active
  • localised tenderness away from jointline
26
Q

what are the symptoms of non-inflammatory disease

A 
pain better with rest
worse with activity
no systemic symptoms
no synovial thickening
may be effusion
27
Q

what is early morning stiffness

A

marked stiffness in the morning and after rest lasting at least 30 mins

28
Q

joint disease pattern off…
60yo male presents with 1yr history of pain and swelling of both knees
symptoms improve with rest and has difficulty walking more than 1 mile

A

chronic non-inflammatory oligoarthritis

29
Q

joint disease pattern of…
30yo female with 3/12 history of progressive pain, stiffness and swelling in the small joints of hands, knees and shoulders
She has early morning stiffneess and improves with activity

A

chronic inflammatory polyarthritis

30
Q

joint disease pattern of
50yo male with 1/52 history of pain redness and swelling in left halux
pain disrupts sleep
unable to weight bear in the morning

A

acute monoarthritis

31
Q

joint disease pattern of…
18yo male 6/12 lower back pain which radiates to back of thighs
pain disturbs sleep at night
experiences back stiffness for 2 hours in the morning
symptoms improve by lunchtime, but feels fatigued

A

chronic inflammatory axial disease

32
Q

name 2 examples of acute inflammatory monoarthritis

A 
septic arthritis
crystal disease (gout/pseudo gout)
33
Q

investigations for suspected septic arthritis

A 
blood cultures
CXR
urine culture
inspection of the skin
ENT exam
CRP
34
Q

name a chronic monoarthritis

A

psoriatic arthritis (coudl also be low grade infections - mycobacterium or fungal)

35
Q

name 4 inflammatory oligoarthritis

A

psoriatic arthrits - +/- sacroilitis + psoriasis
enteropathic arthritis - IBD
ankylosing spnodnylitis - sacroilitis +/- spinal inflammation
reactive arthritis 1-3 wks post infections (gastro, GU, strep throat)

36
Q

clinical features associated with inflammatory oligoarthritis

A 
psoriasis
uveitis
iBD
sacroiliitis
HLA-B27
enthesitis
dactylitis
(pub shed)
37
Q

name 4 examples of chronic polyarthritis

A

RA - symmetrical involvement of MCP PIP and MTPs
connective tissue disorders (SLEs, Sjorgren’s)
Psoriatic arthritis
Chronic polyarticular gout

38
Q

what are the risk factors for septic arthritis

A

prosthetic joints
endocarditis
immunosuppression

39
Q

what are the treatments for septic arthritis

A

aspiration/washout

IV abx for 1/52, then oral 4/52

40
Q

outline some of the changes in cartilage which occur in arthritis

A
  • loss of polyanionic proteoglycans (aggrecan, decor, billycan, fibromodulin)
  • increased proteoglycan catabolism
  • chondrocyte cluster formation
  • breakdown of collagen meshwork
  • surface fibrillation (MMPs and physical destruction)
41
Q

outline some of the biochemical changes in cartilage caused by ageing

A

slowing of cell metabolism
crosslinking
reduced col IX synthesis
changes in aggrecan (shorter CS and more KS)
accumulation of degradation products of cartilage matrix

movement (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions