Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MedPsych Exam 3 > Osteoarthritis > Flashcards

Osteoarthritis Flashcards

1
Q

what is arthritis?

A

inflammation of one or more joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does arthritis cause?

A

Pain
Swelling
Stiffness
Limited movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of arthritis is Osteoarthritis?

A

Degenerative Joint Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why are ends of bones free to move in synovial joints?

A

b/c no connective tissue directly connects adjacent bony surfaces

Bones are INDIRECTLY connected by the JOINT CAPSULE that encloses joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the features of a synovial joint?

A 
2 layered joint capsule
Joint cavity enclosed by capsule
Synovial TISSUE lines inner surface of capsule
Synovial FLUID over joint surfaces
Hyaline cartilage covers bone ends
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the roles of ligaments and tendons?

A

Keep joints together, guide motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what limits excessive joint separation?

A

PASSIVE TENSION of Ligaments, Fiborous capsule, Tendons (passive stability)

ACTIVE TENSION Provided by muscles (dynamic stability)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the “A-B-C’s” of synovial joint x-rays?

A 
A = Alignment according to normal anatomy
B = Bone Density should be opaque/solid whitenot spotty
C= Cartilage (space btwn bones is even)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how is osteoarthritis initiated?

A

local deterioration of cartilage and is characterized by progressive degeneration of the cartilage, hypertrophy & remodeling of sub- chondral bone with a secondary inflammation of the synovial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are incidence types of OA?

A

Primary (Idiopathic, genetic)

Secondary (due to injury)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are OA risk factors?

A 
Increasing age
Genetics
Obesity 
Repetitive Stress
Occupation
Sports Injury
Crystalline deposit disease 
Previous inflammatory disease
Metabolic abnormalities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the modifiable risk factors of OA?

A

Excess body weight
Joint injury
Occupation
Structural mal-alignment or muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the non-modifiable risk factors of OA?

A

Gender (women)
Age (older)
Race (non-Asian)
Genetic predisposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are causes of primary development of OA?

A

Excessive load on normal bone, cartilage

Normal aging resulting from metabolic, genetic, chemical & mechanical factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are causes of secondary development of OA?

A

Load on joint that is inferior or previously injured

Follows identifiable pre-disposing event (Trauma, Congenital deformity, Obesity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why are older people likely to develop OA?

A

Cartilage has a very limited ability to regenerate, therefore degeneration process is irreversible & progressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the order of affected structures in OA?

A

cartilage—>subchondral bone—>soft tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does cartilage wear down?

A

Matrix of cartilage lessen with age

As matrix deteriorates, collagen fibers become shredded

Result: collagen is less effective shock absorber and lubricated surface

19
Q

what % of people over age of 50 demonstrate OA?

A

80%

20
Q

what are signs and symptoms of degenerative joint disease?

A

achy joint pain exacerbated by extensive use
Aggravated by movement (friction effect) –>Reduced ROM & crepitus
Stiffness during rest (articular gelling)
pain on rest
Tenderness

21
Q

what is crepitus?

A

ROM no longer smooth: squeaking, creaking, grating
Joint stiffness after period of rest: “articular gelling”
As ROM decreases so does pain but will lead to stiff joints

22
Q

what is swelling?

A

Moderate joint effusion but little synovial swelling

23
Q

what are examples of swelling?

A

Heberdon’s nodes on DIP joints

Bouchard’s nodes on PIP joints

24
Q

who is more likely to exhibit heberdon’s nodes?

A

women

25
Q

what joints are most commonly involved in OA?

A 
Hand (PIP & DIP joints not MCP)
Thumb
CMC joint
Hip 
Knee 
Spine
26
Q

what OA signs could be seen on a radiograph?

A

Narrowing of joint space
Subchondral sclerosis and cysts
Osteophyte formation
Joint remodeling and incongruity

27
Q

what OA signs could be seen on a lab test?

A

Usually no significant findings as this is non- systemic process (only rule out other arthritis + increased mucin)

28
Q

what are signs of advanced OA?

A

Severe loss of cartilage in the knee joints cause knees to curve out, creating a bow-legged appearance
Bony spurs along spine can irritate nerves, leading to pain, numbness, tingling

29
Q

What kind of OA affects primarily men?

A

spondylitis

30
Q

what is the progression of OA?

A

Primary: unable to determine
Secondary: will continue unless underlying cause is found, corrected

31
Q

what is the prognosis of OA?

A

If pt continues to use severely involved joint = progressive deterioration

If DJD effects weight bearing joints, prognosis bad, may lead to severe disability

32
Q

what are goals of OA tx?

A 
Relive pain & other symptoms
Educate pt, family, caregivers 
Provide psychological support
Prevent or correct existing deformity
Maintain/improve fx
Rehab
33
Q

what are examples of drugs to tx OA?

A 
Simple analgesics (Acetaminophen)
Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (Ibuprofen)
34
Q

what are non-drug txs of OA?

A

Orthopedic appliances
OT PT
Surgery

35
Q

what are OT goals in OA tx?

A

Improve functional independence using Assistive equipment, Work simplification, Energy conservation and reduce pain

36
Q

how do OT’s maintain, increase strength?

A

Isometric exercise program

ROM daily

37
Q

what is an arthroplasty?

A

Total or partial replacement of deteriorated part of joint with prosthetic appliance

38
Q

what is an arthodesis?

A

Surgical bony fusion (usually spine)

39
Q

what is an osteoplasty?

A

Scraping & lavage of deteriorated

bone from joint

40
Q

what is an osteotomy?

A

Change of alignment of bone to relieve stress by excision of wedge of bone or cutting bone (usually lower leg)

41
Q

who is surgery reserved for?

A

patients who have severe disability or uncontrollable pain

42
Q

what does hip osteoarthritis look like?

A

Narrow joint space
Bony spurs
Sclerotic/whiter bone (bone density changes)

43
Q

what does a hip replacement look like?

A

2 parts to replacement: femoral head and acetabular piece

MedPsych Exam 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions