Ossification

Question 1

What is Human Embryo composed of?

Answer 1

Fibrous Membranes or Hyaline Cartilage.

Question 2

Bones form by replacing existing connective tissue?

Answer 2

Intramembranous originate between sheet like layers and Endochondral bones begin as masses of cartilage.

Question 3

Importance of Calcium.

Answer 3

A diet low in calcium can lead to reduced bone density and increased risk of fractures.

Question 4

Weight bearing activities, such as resistance training has what effect on bones?

Answer 4

Increase strength and density of bone tissue by increasing mineral deposits.

Question 5

What is Osteoporosis?

Answer 5

A condition causing bones to become porous and thin. Weakens both strength and structure.

Question 6

Who is Osteoporosis associated.

Answer 6

Light complexioned, post menopausal females are highest risk (Reduced Oestrogen). Low dietary calcium intake. 20s + 1000-1500 mg daily.

Question 7

Osteoporosis - BRACE

Answer 7

B - Brittle
R - Resistance
A - Age
C - Calcium
E - Exercise

Question 8

Bone growth in the young

Answer 8

Hardening and growth process consists of replacing cartilage with mineral salts.

Question 9

Children’s bones are softer than adults, why?

Answer 9

Due to containing more cartilage, hardening process may not complete until 18-30.

Question 10

How many bones in the skeleton.

Answer 10

206 Bones, Which give shape and form frame which muscles attach to.

Question 11

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 11

?

Question 12

Axial Skeleton

Answer 12

?

Question 13

Functions of the Skeletal System

Answer 13

Support - Soft Tissue, Posture
Protection - Organs
Movement - Levers for muscles
Production - Red & White Blood
Storage - Minerals, Ca, Ph, Fat

Question 14

Epiphysis

Answer 14

Expanded section at the end of each bone.

Question 15

Diaphysis

Answer 15

Shaft of the bone.

Question 16

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 16

Covering the bone ends.

Question 17

Periosteum

Answer 17

A tough fibrous sheaf covering the whole bone.

Question 18

Compact bone,

Answer 18

Solid strong and resistant to bending.

Question 19

Cancellous Bone

Answer 19

Giving elastic strength to resist compression forces.

Question 20

Medullary Cavity

Answer 20

Hollow tube down the centre of compact bone.

Question 21

Yellow Marrow

Answer 21

Storage of fat.

Question 22

What happens to bone as we age.

Answer 22

Bone calcium is lost causing bones to become brittle and susceptible to breaking. Inactivity makes this worse.

Question 23

How can we strengthen bones.

Answer 23

We need to engage in weight bearing exercises.

Question 24

Short term effect of exercise on bones.

Answer 24

Smoother movements, synovial fluid is secreted into the joint when fully mobilised.

Question 25

Long term effect of exercise on bones.

Answer 25

Bone maybe improved as it responds to mechanical stresses. More mineral salts deposited.