Osmosis and Plant transport

Question 1

what it osmosis?

Answer 1

the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane

Question 2

what is a dilute solution?

Answer 2

one with a lot of water molecules but fewer solute molecules

Question 3

what is a concentrated solution?

Answer 3

one with a lot of solute molecules but fewer water molecules

Question 4

what would happen to a plant cell placed in water (more dilute)?

Answer 4

the plant cell will gain water by osmosis

Question 5

what happens to a plant cell placed in a more concentrated solution?

Answer 5

the plant would lose water by osmosis

Question 6

what part of the plant is fully permeable?

Answer 6

cell wall

Question 7

what is the name given to a plant cell which is swollen due to water uptake?

Answer 7

turgid

Question 8

what is the name given to a plant cell that has lost water from its vacuole by osmosis?

Answer 8

plasmalsyed

Question 9

what do red blood cells undergo when they are placed in a concentrated and therefore take up water by osmosis?

Answer 9

they undergo lysis (bursting)

Question 10

what do red blood cells undergo when they are placed in a dilute solution and therefore lose water by osmosis?

Answer 10

they undergo crenation

Question 11

what is an isotonic solution?

Answer 11

a solution with the same concentration as inside the cell.

Question 12

what is transpiration?

Answer 12

the evaporation of water from the spongy mesophyll cells into the air spaces, followed by the diffusion through the stomata

Question 13

how does

a) water enter the roots?
b) mineral ions enter the roots?

Answer 13

a) through the root hair cells by osmosis

b) through the root hair cells by active transport

Question 14

what is the name of the vessel through which water and mineral ions travel?

Answer 14

xylem

Question 15

give 3 uses of water in plants

Answer 15

• photosynthesis
• support via turgor
• transporting mineral ions

Question 16

what is the name used to describe cells which are full of water and therefore support the plant?

Answer 16

turgid

Question 17

what is the name used to describe cells which have lost water and therefore cause the plant to wilt?

Answer 17

plasmolysed

Question 18

why is _______ needed in a plant

a) magnesium
b) calcium
c) nitrogen

Answer 18

a) to make chlorophyll
b) to make cell walls
c) to make amino acids for proteins

Question 19

give 3 environmental factors that speed up transpiration

what other factors may speed this up?

Answer 19

• increased temperature
• increased wind speed
• decreased humidity
• s/a of leaves as bigger they are they will have more stomata
• light intensity, higher this is the more open the stomata will be

Question 20

name the apparatus used to measure water uptake

Answer 20

potometer

Question 21

what do we assume when using the potometer?

Answer 21

we assume that water uptake=water lost through transpiration

Question 22

what is a simpler piece of apparatus used to measure water uptake?

Answer 22

weight potometer

Question 23

name the surface of a leaf through which most water is lost

Answer 23

lower epidermis (most stomata)

Question 24

what is meant by the word permeable?

Answer 24

permeable membrane will allow substances to freely pass through it

Question 25

What part of a plant cell will at some point restrict the entry of more water?

Answer 25

cellulose cell wall