Osmosis and Plant transport Flashcards
what it osmosis?
the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane
what is a dilute solution?
one with a lot of water molecules but fewer solute molecules
what is a concentrated solution?
one with a lot of solute molecules but fewer water molecules
what would happen to a plant cell placed in water (more dilute)?
the plant cell will gain water by osmosis
what happens to a plant cell placed in a more concentrated solution?
the plant would lose water by osmosis
what part of the plant is fully permeable?
cell wall
what is the name given to a plant cell which is swollen due to water uptake?
turgid
what is the name given to a plant cell that has lost water from its vacuole by osmosis?
plasmalsyed
what do red blood cells undergo when they are placed in a concentrated and therefore take up water by osmosis?
they undergo lysis (bursting)
what do red blood cells undergo when they are placed in a dilute solution and therefore lose water by osmosis?
they undergo crenation
what is an isotonic solution?
a solution with the same concentration as inside the cell.
what is transpiration?
the evaporation of water from the spongy mesophyll cells into the air spaces, followed by the diffusion through the stomata
how does
a) water enter the roots?
b) mineral ions enter the roots?
a) through the root hair cells by osmosis
b) through the root hair cells by active transport
what is the name of the vessel through which water and mineral ions travel?
xylem
give 3 uses of water in plants
- photosynthesis
- support via turgor
- transporting mineral ions
what is the name used to describe cells which are full of water and therefore support the plant?
turgid
what is the name used to describe cells which have lost water and therefore cause the plant to wilt?
plasmolysed
why is _______ needed in a plant
a) magnesium
b) calcium
c) nitrogen
a) to make chlorophyll
b) to make cell walls
c) to make amino acids for proteins
give 3 environmental factors that speed up transpiration
what other factors may speed this up?
- increased temperature
- increased wind speed
- decreased humidity
- s/a of leaves as bigger they are they will have more stomata
- light intensity, higher this is the more open the stomata will be
name the apparatus used to measure water uptake
potometer
what do we assume when using the potometer?
we assume that water uptake=water lost through transpiration
what is a simpler piece of apparatus used to measure water uptake?
weight potometer
name the surface of a leaf through which most water is lost
lower epidermis (most stomata)
what is meant by the word permeable?
permeable membrane will allow substances to freely pass through it
What part of a plant cell will at some point restrict the entry of more water?
cellulose cell wall
