Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

why do we describe our circulatory system as being a double circulatory system?

A

Blood flows through the heart twice during each circuit round the body; once on its way to the lungs, and once on its way back round the body.

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2
Q

why are the walls of the ventricles thicker (have more cardiac muscle) than the walls of the atrium?

A

the ventricles pump blood out of the heart, whereas the atrium receive blood

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3
Q

why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right?

A

the left ventricle needs to pump the blood further (around the body) whereas the right ventricle only needs to pump he blood to the lungs.

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4
Q

what are the role of the heart valves?

A

they ensure that blood does not flow backwards and that it flows in one direction.

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5
Q

how does the heart muscle itself receive oxygen and glucose it needs for respiration?

A

via the coronary arteries

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6
Q

what is unusual about the pulmonary artery and vein?

A

the pulmonary artery carries de-oxygenated blood

and the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood

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7
Q

name the vessel which carries digested food from the small intestine to the liver

A

the hepatic portal vein.

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8
Q

name the vessel which carries blood rich in urea to the kidneys for excretion.

A

renal artery

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9
Q

what is the role of the muscle and elastic in the artery walls?

A
  • the muscle helps withstand and maintain the high
    pressure
  • the elastic can stretch and recoil to control blood flow
    and cope with pulses of blood
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10
Q

give 4 differences between arteries and veins

A
  • arteries have a thicker wall of elastic and muscle
  • arteries have a smaller lumen
  • arteries do not have valves
  • arteries carry blood rich in oxygen whereas veins carry blood low in oxygen
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11
Q

how is blood backflow prevented in veins?

A

they have valves

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12
Q

why are capillary walls only one cell thick?

A

so they are thin enough to be permeable and allow nutrients, gases and wastes to diffuse through them to, and from body cells

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13
Q

what type of solution do red blood cells need to be surrounded in to prevent crenation or lysis?

A

Isotonic

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14
Q

what type of surrounding solution would cause lysis in red blood cells?

A

Dilute, hypotonic

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15
Q

how are red blood cells adapted for carrying oxygen? x3

A
  • biconcave disc shape to increase surface area
  • no nucleus to allow for more room for oxygen
  • contain haemoglobin to transport oxygen
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16
Q

how are white blood cells different to red blood cells? x3

A
  • no haemoglobin
  • do contain a nucleus
  • they are larger and there are fewer of them
17
Q

what do platelets do?

A

help blood to clot by converting fibrinogen to a meshwork of fibres made of fibrin

18
Q

jobs of plasma? x4

A
  • transport blood cells
  • transport glucose and amino acids
  • distribute heat around the body
  • transports wastes like urea away from cells
19
Q

what is cardiac output?

A

the volume of blood pumped out of the heart per minute.

20
Q

what is pulse rate?

A

how often a surge or pulse of blood passes round the body

21
Q

why does heart rate increase during exercise?

A

the muscles have a greater demand for oxygen and glucose required for increased respiration

22
Q

what are the two main functions of the circulatory system?

A

transport

protection

23
Q

what is a capillary?

A

a very thin blood vessel through which the exchange of material between blood and cells takes place

24
Q

what is a vein?

A

a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

25
Q

what is an artery?

A

a blood vessel that carries blood under a high pressure away from the heart

26
Q

what does _ link to?
pulmonary
renal
hepatic

A

lungs
Kidney
liver