Oscillatory Motion Flashcards
When will a spring produce a restoring force?
When it is stretched or compressed
What does the negative sign in Hooke’s Law indicate?
F=-kx; indicates that the force is restorative
What is Simple Harmonic Motion?
Periodic motion in which the acceleration is directly proportional to the negative of the displacement
In a simple harmonic motion, which way is the acceleration in reference to the motion?
Opposite; back to equilibrium; ie. if a spring is stretching to the right, its acceleration is to the left
What is Amplitude?
Maximum distance away from equilibrium
What is the equation for maximum energy of a compressed spring?
E=1/2kA^2
What is the difference of a sine graph and cosine graph?
Sine starts at the origin (equilibrium) and cosine starts at maximum amplitude, away from origin
What is a Restoring Force?
A force that puts the system back into equilibrium
For SHM, on a x vs t graph, when is velocity at its +/- max?
Velocity is at its max at equilibrium or the midline; max -v when going to a min (-slope); max +v when going to a max (+slope)
For SHM, on a x vs t graph, when is velocity equal to zero?
At the maximum and minimum amplitudes; where the slope is horizontal (slope=0)
For SHM, on a x vs t graph, when is acceleration at its +/- max?
Acceleration is opposite to motion; max amplitude= max -a; min amplitude= max +a
For SHM, on a x vs t graph, when is acceleration equal to zero?
At equilibrium or midline
When is the equation for the period of a mass-spring system?
T=2π*sqrt(m/k)
What is the period of a mass-spring system independent from?
Acceleration due to gravity
What is angular frequency also known as?
Angular velocity
What is the equation for angular frequency?
ω=2π/T
ω=sqrt(k/m)
What is the equation for the period of a pendulum?
T=2π*sqrt(l/g)
What is the period of a pendulum independent from?
Mass
What are the periods all simple harmonic motions independent from?
Amplitude
What is the equation for the potential energy of a spring?
Us=1/2kx^2
What is the equation for the velocity of a spring?
1/2kA^2=1/2mv^2+1/2kx^2; v=+/-sqrt[k/m(A^2-x^2)]
What is never drawn on a free body diagram?
Centripetal force/acceleration
