Oscillations/Wave Motion Flashcards
Define simple harmonic motion
Defined as a periodic motion where the acceleration’s object must always be directly proportional and opposite to the displacement from it’s equilibrium position
Define the equilibrium position for wave motion
The midpoint of oscillation. The position where no net force acts on the particle.
Define the displacement for simple harmonic motion
The distance from its equilibrium position in a specific direction.
Define amplitude of simple harmonic motion
The maximum displacement from its equilibrium position.
Define velocity of a particle in simple harmonic motion
The instantaneous velocity of the particle.
At which position does the minimum speed of the particle occur, amplitude or equilibrium positions?
Amplitude position
At which position does the maximum speed of the particle occur, the amplitude or equilibrium positions?
Equilibrium
Define the acceleration of a particle in simple harmonic motion.
The instantaneous acceleration of the particle
At which position does the minimum magnitude of acceleration occur, the amplitude or equilibrium positions?
Equilibrium position
At which position does the maximum magnitude of acceleration occur, the amplitude or equilibrium positions?
Amplitude position
Define the period of an oscillation
The time taken for the particle to complete one oscillation
Define the frequency of an oscillation.
The number of oscillations performed per unit time
Define phase/phase angle + the phase angle of one full cycle of an oscillation.
Phase/phase angle is the stage of oscillation the particle is in at a particular instant.
In one full cycle of an oscillation, the phase angle is 360° (2π rad), which also means it’s 0 rad since it reverts back to its original position.
Define angular frequency of a particle in simple harmonic motion
The product of 2π and the frequency of oscillation of the body in simple harmonic motion
At which position does max KE/min PE occur
The equilibrium position
At which position does min KE/max PE occur
The amplitude positions
What happens in a free oscillation?
The body oscillates under a resisting force only, without any external or resistive force acting on it; and the total energy of the oscillating body stays constant.
Define damped oscillation
An oscillation where it’s amplitude gradually decreases as the body loses energy due to resistive forces.
Define forced oscillating system
The body oscillates under a periodic driving force from a driver, where there is continuous energy input to the oscillating body.