OS 206 E3 Samplex 2015 Flashcards
(40 cards)
You have a patient with a stab wound at the right
flank, with depth just enough to lacerate the dorsal
convex border of the kidney. Assuming the kidney
bled slowly, in what direction would blood
preferentially dissect in the retroperitoneum?
A. Anteriorly towards peritoneal cavity
B. Posterior into fascia of Zuckerland
C. Laterally towards lateral abdominal wall fascia
D. Medially towards midline
E. Superiorly towards hepatorenal fascia and
subdiaphragmatic area
D
If you were stabbed in the epigastric area, which
organ will be least likely damaged?
A. Jejunum
B. Pancreas
C. Duodenum
D. NOTA
A
A 4-mm stone migrated from calyx to ureter.
Where will it lodge?
A. L1-L2 B. L3-L4 C. Pelvic Brim D. Level of sacral promontory E. Pelvic cavity
A
During a left nephrectomy, ligating near the IVC
would affect which of the following organs?
A. pancreas B. spleen C. left colon D. stomach E. a portion of the jejunum
B
Developmental anomalies do sometime develop
in both the intestinal and urinary tracts. When both
tracts develop common drainage cavity, this
is referred as:
A. Cloaca B. Urachus C. Urogenital sinus D. Extrophy E. Sinus bifidus
A
The ureteral orifices are minute openings that are
not readily seen from within the bladder wall. Which
are guides to see these orifices?
A. Apex of trigone B. Interureteral ridge C. Superolateral angles of trigone D. Uvula E. ABC
E
What normally stimulates micturition?
A. Contraction of the detrusor muscle
B. Stretching of the bladder wall
C. Relaxation of the sphincter urethra
D. Urine filling the trigone
B
In the renal medulla, to maintain osmotic gradient,
which of the following is true?
A. the descending loop of Henle is selectively permeable to water
B. counter current flow of the urine is opposite the renal blood flow
C. only 20% of renal blood flow through medulla
D. the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
actively transports salt and water
E. all of the above
A
The membranous urethra is lined by
A. transitional epithelium B. stratified squamous epithelium C. pseudostratified or stratified columnar epithelium D. simple squamous epithelium E. NOTA
C
Common to renal pelvis, ureter and bladder
A. lined by thick transitional epithelium
B. covered by serosa
C. contains muscle layers involuntarily controlled
D. contains muscle layers in horizontal orientation
E. all of the above
C
Reabsorbed electrolytes from PCT go back to
circulation through
A. vasa recta B. arcuate arteries C. peritubular capillaries D. arcuate veins E. all of the above
C
Component of the nephron with phagocytic
properties
A. macula densa B. JG cells C. mesangial cells D. principal cells E. intercalated cells
C
Blood volume decreases as it passes through
which structures?
A. afferent arteriole B. efferent arteriole C. peritubular capillaries D. glomerular capillaries E. all of the above
D
Region of the kidney with the least blood supply
A. cortex B. outer medulla C. papilla D. renal columns E. NOTA
C
Which anatomical part is not seen in a noncontrast plain film?
A. Stomach
B. Psoas
C. Ureter
D. Bladder
C
In the adult human, the kidneys lie at the level of
A. L1-L4
B. T11-L3
C. T12-L2
D. L3-L4
B
Which statement is not true about phleboliths?
A. vascular structures on the face B. have radioluscent center area surrounded by radiodense periphery C. may be mistaken for calculi D. are calcified arteries
D
The renal shadow is visible in the plain x-ray film
in the abdomen because of
A. the low density perineal fat B. the uptake of contrast by the kidneys C. the soft tissue low density psoas D. the presence of gas bowel surrounding the kidneys
A
The isotope used commonly for visualization of
the urinary tract
A. Calcium
B. Strontium
C. Iodine
D. Technetium
C
Common findings on an intravenous pyelogram
in patients with hydronephrosis are the following
except:
A. Flattening of the normal concavity of the calyx
B. Reversal of the convexity of the renal pelvis
C. Atrophy of the renal pelvis
D. Enlarged calyces
C
A patient presents with massive pedal edema and
ascites due to nephritic syndrome. His sodium
concentration is 136 mEq/l, Posm 277 mOsm/kg H20. Urinalysis reveals Uosm 300 mOsm/kg H20, sodium 5 mEq/l, and potassium 60 mEq/l. Urine volume is 2L/day.
His free water clearance is
A. 0.17 liter/day
B. 1.7 liters/day
C. 17 liters/day
D. Not enough data to calculate the CH20
A
A patient presents with massive pedal edema and
ascites due to nephritic syndrome. His sodium
concentration is 136 mEq/l, Posm 277 mOsm/kg H20. Urinalysis reveals Uosm 300 mOsm/kg H20, sodium 5 mEq/l, and potassium 60 mEq/l. Urine volume is 2L/day.
If he drinks a liter of water a day, will he develop
hyponatremia?
A. Yes, because his CH20 1 liter.
C. Yes, because his electrolyte-free water
clearance 1L.
D
A patient with congestive heart failure may retain
more fluid because of:
A. AVP release
B. Decreased effective arterial blood volume
C. RAAS Activity
D. SNS Activity
B
A falsely low urine specific gravity using the
reagent strip indicates
A. acidic urine
B. glucosuria
C. ketonuria
D. proteinuria
B
