OS 206 E3 Samplex 2014 Flashcards
Which statement does not describe the perirenal
fascia?
A. It encloses the perirenal fat
B. It is also known as gerota’s fascia
C. It anchors the kidney to its surrounding
structures and abdominal wall
D. It is the innermost of the 3 tissue layers
that surround the kidney
D
You noticed a urine-like fluid leaking from the
anterior abdominal wall of a child. You explain to
the mother that an abdominal structure, the
urachus, has persisted in her child. The leak can
be seen at the:
A. Hypogastrium B. Mons Pubis in Female C. Umbilicus D. Inguinal Area E. Ventral Aspect of Genitalia
C
During surgical removal of pathologic left kidney
its renal vein has to be ligated towards renal
hilum to avoid compromise venous drainage of
one of these abdominal viscerae.
A. Pancreas B. Spleen C. Ovary D. Left colon E. Loop of jejunum.
C
The stones in the urinary tract are usually composed of
A. uric acid B. calcium oxalate C. magnesium phosphate D. cystine E. mixture of calcium, magnesium and uric acid
B
Why does the urine from the bladder not backflow to the kidneys?
A. Presence of ureteral peristalsis
B. Presence of a valvelike fold when distended
and the oblique orientation of the ureter with
respect to the bladder.
C. Ureteropelvic junction sphincter action to
close and prevent backflow.
D. Viscoelastic nature of the bladder and ability
to maintain low pressure even in increasing
volume
C
What detects the concentration of Na+ and fluid
levels in the distal convulated tubules?
A. macula densa
B. efferent arteriole
C. distal loop of Henle
D. none of the above
A
True of efferent arteriole
a. receives blood from vasa recta
b. contains mechanoreceptors responsive to BP
c. branches to peritubular capillaries
d. reabsorbs interstitial solutes and water from LOH
e. AOTA
C
True of the glomerulus:
A. Podocytes’ processes are the ultrafilter in the
glomerulus.
B. The capillary basement membrane
consists of 3 layers which are negatively
charged.
C. The parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule
forms the outer layer of the glomerulus.
D. Filtration in the glomerulus is drivenby
osmotic gradient.
E. AOTA
B
PCT:
A. Found at cortex and medulla
B. Reabsorbs using an osmotic gradient.
C. Generates osmotic gradient of the renal
interstitium
D. Distinguished from DCT by brush border
E. AOTA
D
What is the large space lined by transitional
epithelium which funnels urine to the ureter?
a. capsule
b. calyx
c. hilus
d. papillae
e. pelvis
E
True about LOH
a. has water-permeable descending loop and water-impermeable ascending loop b. acted upon by aldosterone and ADH c. determine osmotic gradient... d. removes all blood components from filtered urine e. AOTA
A
Fluids and solutes reabsorbed from the proximal
and distal convoluted tubules are returned to the
circulation via:
a. vasa recta
b. podocytes
c. peritubular capillaries
d. interlobular arteries
e. arcuate arteries
C
Which anatomical part is not seen in a noncontrast plain film?
A. stomach
B. Psoas
C. ureter.
D. Bladder.
C
In a normal adult, the kidney lies in which
vertebral bodies?
a. T11-L3
b. T9-T12
c. L3-L4
d. T10-L1
A
The outline of the renal shadows are visible on a
plain film of the abdomen because of:
A. The low density of perirenal fat
B. The uptake of contrast by the kidneys
C. The low soft tissue density of the psoas
D. The presence of surrounding bowel gas
A
Which is not within the renal sinus?
A. Medullary pyramid
B. Branches of renal artery
C. Tributaries of renal vein
D. Renal collecting system
A
Renal sinus is consisted of collecting system,
renal vessels (arteries and veins), lymphatics,
fats and fibrous tissue
Which is not a common finding on an intravenous
pyelogram in patients with hydronephrosis?
A. Flattening of normal concavity of the calyx
B. Reversal of the convexity of the renal pelvis
C. Atrophy of the renal pelvis
D. Enlarged calyces
C
Intravenous pyelogram of patients with
hydronephrosis will show dilation of the renal
pelvis and blunting/dilation of the calices.
Which of the following does not describe the
perirenal fascia?
A. Encloses perirenal fat.
B. Known as Gerota’s Fascia.
C. Anchors kidney to its surrounding structures
and abdominal wall.
D. Innermost of 3 three tissue layers that
surround kidney
D
There are 3 layers of supportive tissue
surrounding each kidney: (1) RENAL CAPSULE -
a transparent dense irregular connective tissue
covering the kidney surface, which protects the
kidneys from physical trauma and prevents
infections in surrounding regions from spreading
into the kidneys; (2)ADIPOSE CAPSULE - a
mass of adipose tissue outside the renal capsule
which helps hold the kidney in place against the
posterior abdominal wall and cushions the
kidneys against external blows; (3)
PERIRENAL/RENAL/GEROTA’S FASCIA - a
layer of dense irregular connective tissue outside
the adipose capsule (the outermost tissue layer)
that anchors the kidney to the abdominal wall.
Glomerular oncotic pressure is primarily contributed by
A. Plasma protein
B. Glucose
C. Sodium
D. Urea
A
Blood flowing into the glomerulus contains
plasma proteins and blood cells that displace the
water content of the blood. This creates, in effect,
a counter force called oncotic pressure, as water
outside the capillaries seeks to equalize with the
water inside the capillaries through osmosis.
What influences Kf?
A. Hydrostatic pressure of the glomerulus
B. Oncotic pressure of the glomerulus
C. Contraction of mesangial cells
D. NOTA
C
Kf or permeability characteristic of glomerulus
depends on: (1) surface area available for
filtration (increased SA, increased Kf, increased
GFR); (2) change in porosity of filtration
membrane such as when there is inflammation
(increased no. of holes, increased fluid mov’t,
increased GFR) and; (3) mesangial cell activity.
Mesangial cells provide support for the
glomerular capsule and alter capillary SA which
then affects Kf and GFR
Which of the following statements concering the
process of glomerular filtration is CORRECT?
A. Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure
opposes filtration.
B. The glomerular filtration rate is limited by Tm
C. All of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is filtered.
D. It is generally affected by small fluctuations in blood pressure
A
Glomerular filtration is promoted by capillary
hydrostatic pressure and opposed by capsular
hydrostatic pressure and blood colloid osmotic
pressure.
Which of the following is involved in
autoregulation of GFR?
a. Automatic constriction of afferent arteriole when stretched.
b. Increased delivery of Na+ and Cl- to macula
densa causes vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole
c. Sympathetically induced vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole
d. Vasoactive substance released from renal
nerves cause afferent arteriole vasoconstriction
A
The substance mediating the changes in afferent
arteriolar diameter when there is increased
delivery of Na+ and Cl- to the macula densa is:
A. Renin
B. Angiotensin
C. Adenosine
D. Aldosterone
C
With increased uptake of Na, K, and Cl,
there is increased generation of adenosine;
adenosine activates adenosine1 receptors to
trigger an increase in cytosolic Ca++ in
mesangial cells, and then intensive coupling
between juxtaglomerular (renin-containing) cells
and mesangial cells occurs. Final result is
afferent arteriole constriction and renin inhibition.
