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OS 203 > OS 203 2.7 Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

OS 203 2.7 Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

only vascularized area in the cartilage

A

perichondrium (so nourishment of cartilage is by diffusion from the capillaries here)

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2
Q

cartilage origin

A

mesoderm (-> mesenchyme -> chondroblasts -> chondrocytes -> cartilage)

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3
Q

responsible for the resilience of cartilage

A

high water content (60-80%)

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4
Q

is cartilage innervated?

A

nope, neither are they vascularized

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5
Q

specialized type of hyaline cartilage? this is difficult to repair because?

A

articular cartilage (joints). bc perichondrium is absent and this is where the chondroblasts are.

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6
Q

basophilia in hyaline cartilage matrix is attributed to what?

A

GAGs (negative) attract hematoxylin (positive)

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7
Q

cartilage that functions for support of tissues & organs, & model for development

A

hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

hyaline cartilage matrix components (collagen? gags (3)? whut else?)

A

type II (thin fibrils); chondroitin s, keratan s, hyaluronic acid; water

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9
Q

tracheal rings

A

hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

nasal septum

A

hyaline cartilage

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11
Q

larynx

A

hyaline cartilage

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12
Q

articular surfaces of joints

A

hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

highly bendable cartilage

A

elastic cartilage

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14
Q

elastic cartilage stain (2)

A

weigert and silver (DAW, but shouldn’t it be verhoeff?)

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15
Q

cartilage whose matrix has a lot of hair-like projections

A

elastic cartilage

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16
Q

cartilage that functions for support with flexibility

A

elastic cartilage

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17
Q

elastic cartilage matrix components

A

hyaline matrix components + elastic fibers

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18
Q

external ear

A

elastic cartilage

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19
Q

external auditory canal

A

elastic cartilage

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20
Q

larynx

A

elastic cartilage

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21
Q

epiglottis

A

elastic cartilage

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22
Q

cartilage that functions for support with great tensile strength; resists compression and tension

A

fibrocartilage

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23
Q

arrangement of fibrocartilage matrix

A

rows of thick collagen fibers alternating with rows of chondrocytes

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24
Q

cartilage that lacks perichondrium (besides articular cartilage)

A

fibrocartilage (but this ain’t in the trans)

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25
Q

fibrocartilage matrix (collagen type and arrangement, compare to hyaline)

A

type I collagen parallel to stress plane, thicker than collagen in hyaline

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26
Q

intervertebral discs

A

fibrocartilage

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27
Q

pubic symphysis

A

fibrocartilage

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28
Q

perichondrium - what type of ct, collagen?

A

dense irregular ct, type I

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29
Q

main cell in the perichondrium

A

fibroblast (so not chondroblast…)

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30
Q

perichondrium vs periosteum: bv

A

more in perichondrium

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31
Q

perichondrium vs periosteum: nerves

A

none in both

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32
Q

perichondrium vs periosteum: fibrous and cellular layer

A

yes in both

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33
Q

perichondrium vs periosteum: dense irregular ct

A

yes in both

34
Q

perichondrium vs periosteum: regeneration ability

A

chond: weak cartilage regeneration ability

35
Q

are chondroblasts trapped in lacunae?

36
Q

lines the border between perichondrium and matrix

A

chondroblasts

37
Q

chondroblasts secrete what?

A

collagen type II and other ecm components

38
Q

what are the clear areas in chondrocytes? (2) another noticeable organelle? nucleus?

A

golgi, lipid droplets; rER, euchromatic nucleus

39
Q

isogenous groups arise from?

A

cell division

40
Q

proteoglycans = ? + ?; aggregates are attached to what by what?

A

GAGs + core protein, attached to axial hyaluronan by linker proteins

41
Q

immediately surrounds the lacunae. darker compared to blank because of what?

A

territorial matrix; interterritorial matrix; more GAGs here

42
Q

a substance needed to produce GAGs (for cartilage lubrication)

A

glucosamine

43
Q

GAG conformation

A

random coil conformations -> huge volume -> gel

44
Q

how does cartilage matrix resist compression?

A

GAG (-) -> attract Na+ -> attract H2O -> swelling pressure/turgor (vs collagen fibers - resist stretching forces)

45
Q

growth of cartilage can be via (2)

A

appositional, interstitial

46
Q

chondroblasts deposit matrix on surface of preexisting cartilage (what kind of growth?). can this continue after formation of perichondrium?

A

appositional growth (embryogenesis and juvenile development). yes, chondroblasts in/associated with the perichondrium can secrete additional ground substance.

47
Q

chondrocytes divide and secrete matrix from within the lacunae (what kind of growth?)

A

interstitial growth (embryogenesis)

48
Q

interstitial growth: mesenchyme -> aggregate & differentiate -> ? -> secrete? -> pushed apart, what happens as this occurs? -> ground subbstance rigid -> ?

A

chondrocyte -> secrete collagen, gag -> division and further secretion -> chondrocytes trapped in lacunae

49
Q

types of bone (4) w examples

A

flat (cranium), long (humerus), short (carpals), irregular (vertebrae)

50
Q

flat bone arrangement

A

diploe (spongy) sandwiched between compact bone covered by periosteum

51
Q

long bone arrangement

A

tubular diaphysis/shaft, epiphyses at ends covered with articular cartilage

52
Q

epiphyseal growth plate what kind of cartilage?

53
Q

long bone: nutrient arteries and veins enter through?

A

nutrient foramen

54
Q

yellow vs red marrow (content…?)

A

lipids, hematopoietic center

55
Q

periosteum collagen type; covers entire surface of bone except at?

A

collagen type I; epiphyses

56
Q

periosteum sublayers (2) and fxns

A

outer fibrous (dense irregular ct) for tendon attachment; inner cellular with osteoprogenitor cells

57
Q

periosteum secured to bone by what?

A

sharpey’s fibers!

58
Q

is endosteum osteogenic? may sublayers ba?

A

yuhhh but not as strong and thick as periosteum; 1 layer flattened osteoprogenitor cells + very small amounts of CT

59
Q

bone: kinds of blood supply & innervation (3)

A

nutrient artery & vein, metaphyseal bv, periosteal bv

60
Q

supply diaphysis of long bone

A

nutrient artery & vein

61
Q

supply diaphyseal face of epiphyseal plate

A

metaphyseal bv

62
Q

supply superficial osteons on diaphysis

A

periosteal bv

63
Q

why are osteoclasts multinucleated?

A

formed from multiple cells

64
Q

osteoclasts are located in

A

Howship’s lacuna (*ruffled edge)

65
Q

secreted by osteoclasts for osteolysis

66
Q

bone matrix composition

A

35% organic, 65% inorganic

67
Q

organic components of bone matrix (3)

A

cells, type I collagen fibers, ground substance

68
Q

inorganic components of bone matrix, secreted by what for what?

A

hydroxyapatite crystals (calcium phosphate, calcium hydroxide), secreted by osteocytes to mineralize bone

69
Q

central/haversian canal contains what (3)

A

vein, artery, nerve

70
Q

osteon lamellae…

A

concentric, circumferential (inner & outer), interstitial

71
Q

are there osteons in spongy bone?

72
Q

in trabeculae or bone spicules of spongy bone (3)

A

parallel lamellae, osteocytes in lacunae, canaliculi

73
Q

when does ossification begin

A

embryo (8-12 wks)

74
Q

formation of most flat bones of the skull and the clavicles

A

intramembranous ossification

75
Q

steps in intramembranous ossification (4)

A

ossification center -> osteoid secretion -> woven bone, periosteum -> bone collar (-> mature lamellar bone), red marrow

76
Q

endochondral ossification requires what

A

hyaline cartilage model

77
Q

ossified/remnant of epiphyseal plate

A

epiphyseal line

78
Q

steps in endochondral ossification (5)

A

bone collar around hyaline model (osteoblasts under perichondrium) -> hyaline cavitation, bv -> invasion of internal cavities by periosteal bud & spongy bone formation (primary ossification center at diaphysis) -> medullary cavity, 2ndary ossification centers at epiphyses -> ossification there (cartilage only @ epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages)

79
Q

bone: interstitial vs appositional growth: where? growth in?

A

interstitial - epiphyseal plate, growth in length; appositional - within periosteum, growth in diameter

80
Q

morphology of epiphyseal plate: 5 zones from epi to diaphysis

A

resting -> proliferation (mitosis, columns) -> hypertrophy (absorb matrix) -> calcification (kills chondrocytes) -> ossification (invasion by capillaries and osteoprogenitor cells)

81
Q

descendants of mesenchyme (4)

A

fibroblast, chondroblast, osteoblast, hematopoietic stem cells

OS 203 (7 decks)

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