OS 203 2 Elbow, Forearm, Wrist, Hand - Sheet1 Flashcards
Attachment of forearm flexors
Medial epicondyle (and supracondylar ridge)
Attachment of forearm extensors
Lateral epicondyle (and supracondylar ridge)
Parts of the humerus that are in contact with nerves (4)
Axillary - surgical neck; Radial - radial nerve; Median - distal; Ulnar - Medial epicondyle
Intercondylar fracture can result from?
severe fall from flexed arm (may lead to separation of parts of the humeral shaft)
Attachment of brachialis tendon on the ulna
Ulnar tuberosity
Attachment of deep part of supinator
Supinator crest & fossa (next to the tuberosity)
Accomodates scaphoid and lunate carpals
Styloid process of radius
Passage of tendons of forearm muscles (radius)
Dorsal tuberosity (Lister’s tubercle)
Attachment of biceps brachii
Radial tuberosity
Transfers force from radius and ulna to humerus
Middle radioulnar (articulation)
3 ligaments in the elbow
Ulnar collateral, Lateral/radial collateral, Annular
3 bands ulnar collateral ligament (strongest, weakest, deepens trochlea)
Anterior oblique ulnar (strongest), Posterior oblique (weakest), Transverse/Oblique ulnar (deepens trochlea)
Chief (2) and secondary (2) flexors of the elbow
Chief - brachialis and biceps brachii; Secondary - brachioradialis and pronator teres
Chief extensor of elbow
Triceps brachii (medial head)
Extensor retinaculum is continuous with?
Palmar carpal ligament (anterior)
Prime mover of forearm pronation
Pronator quadratus (assisted by teres)
Superficial layer = (3)
Brachioradialis + ECRL + ECRB
The only muscles of the posterior compartment that do not cross (2). Can these act at the wrist?
Brachioradialis, supinator. Nope.
Extensor carpi ulnaris has 2 heads…
Humeral head (from common extensory tendon), Ulnar head (arising from common aponeurosis attached to posterior ulna, shared with FCU & FDP)
Indispensable when clenching the fist (2)
ECRL, ECU
Elbow pain (2)
Tennis elbow (pain in lateral epicondyle); Golfer’s elbow (pain in medial epicondyle)
Functional contribution to total hand fxn (5)
Thumb 40, Index 20, Middle 20, Ring 10, Little 10
Loss of hand fxn equates to (2)
Loss 90 upper ex fxn, Loss 54 entire fxn
Nerves: power grip, precision grip
power - ulnar; precision - median
May be injured in hamate fracture
Ulnar nerve and artery (compromise grip strength)
What kind of joint? Radiocarpal
Condyloid
What kind of joint? Intercarpal
Arthrodial (gliding joint/plane join)
What kind of joint? 1st carpometacarpal joint
Sellar (saddle)
What kidn of joint? Metacarpophalangeal joint
Ginglymus
Flexor retinaculum and palmaris longus tendon are continuous with
Palmar aponeurosis
Palmar aponeurosis is thick in the fingers… what is it called?
Digital sheaths
Base of palmar aponeurosis
Superficial transverse metacarpal ligament
Skin ligaments that hold the palmar skin close to the aponeurosis
Retinacula cutis
Tendon deepest and most radial in the forearm
Flexor pollicis longus
Involved in trigger finger
A1
Most impt annular ligaments
A2, 4
Annular ligaments prevent what
Bowstringing of tendons when extended
Compartments of the hand (5)
Thenar, Adductor (ad poll), Hypothenar, Central (lumbricals), Interosseus (interossei)
Only muscles that originate and insert into other tendons
Lumbricals
If musculocutaneous nerve is damaged, can elbow still be flexed and forearm be supined? Sensation?
Yes, though weakly. Kahit wala na yung coracob, biceps, and brachialis, meron pa ring brachioradialis and supinator. However, loss of sensation may occur sa lateral surface ng forearm (supplied by antebrachial cutaneous nerve).
Hand circulation comes from? (2)
30% radial 70% ulnar
