OS 203 2 Biomechanics of the Muskuloskeletal System - Sheet1

Question 1

Doc Pipo’s idol

Answer 1

Leonardo di se Piero da Vinci

Question 2

Father of modern anatomy

Answer 2

andreas vesalius

Question 3

wrote the universal atlas of doctors in 1543

Answer 3

andreas vesalius (de humanis corporis fabrica)

Question 4

for a muscle to be capable of movement, it’s not enough that it attaches to a bone…

Answer 4

it should cross a joint and attach to another bone

Question 5

prevents excessive motion of joint

Answer 5

collateral ligament

Question 6

attachment of muscle to bone

Answer 6

tendon

Question 7

1st class lever, ex.

Answer 7

force-fulcrum-load, extension of elbow, spine, hip joint

Question 8

2nd class lever, ex.

Answer 8

fulcrum-load-force, ankle

Question 9

3rd class lever, ex.

Answer 9

fulcrum-force-load, most lever in the body

Question 10

transition between elastic and plastic deformation

Answer 10

yield point

Question 11

amt of stress necessary to produce permanent deformation

Answer 11

yield strength

Question 12

load of failure

Answer 12

ultimate strength

Question 13

object fails

Answer 13

breaking point

Question 14

plastic zone =

Answer 14

yield point -> breaking point

Question 15

elastic zone =

Answer 15

0-> yield point

Question 16

area under curve

Answer 16

energy absorbed

Question 17

measure of stiffness

Answer 17

(Young’s Modulus of Elasticity): slope of elastic zone

Question 18

bone composition

Answer 18

70 mineral, 5-8 water, 25 matrix

Question 19

mineral component of bone

Answer 19

(inorganic phase) - hydroxyapatite 95, impurities (usu carbon) 5

Question 20

matrix component of bone

Answer 20

(organic phase) - collagen/ptns 98, bone cells 2

Question 21

high and low impurities effects

Answer 21

high -> brittle; low -> soft

Question 22

time-dependent response to load and strain (2)

Answer 22

stress relaxation (time x stress, declines); creep phenomenon (time x deformation, increaeses)

Question 23

femur anisotropy (properties depend on direction of loading); Wolff’s law

Answer 23

compression -> tension -> bending -> shear (Wolff’s law)

Question 24

bone has highest reaction to what and lowest to what.

Answer 24

compression, least to shearing

Question 25

what is a fracture

Answer 25

soft tissue injury complicated bya break in teh bone