ORTICS Flashcards
Listeria Monocytogenes
Bacteria
Found in the environment
Ingestion
1-2 weeks can be up to 3 months
Found in soft cheese, deli meat, ready to eat, vegetables, raw milk, seafood, hot dogs
F, aches, N,V,D H, stiff neck, loss of balance, seizure, stillbirth or miscarriage
Escherichia coli
Bacteria O157:H7
GI tracts of mammals
Fecal-oral
1-8 days
Unpasteurized milk and juice, undercooked meat,
ab, bD, V, N, HUS
Salmonella enterditis
Bacteria
Poultry and eggs
Contamination through food and water
1-3 days
N, V, D, ab, F, H
Eggs, poultry, unpasteurized juice, produce
Campylobacteur jejuni
Bacteria
Most common in poultry, meat, seafood, produce
Ingestion
2-5 days
N,D,F,ab,V
Clostridium perfringens
Bacteria- toxin (spores)
Soil, water, air, feces, GI
Ingestion
6-24 hrs
D,ab, v, d, aches, N
most commonly in meats, stews, soups and gravy’s, beans
Clostridium botulinum
Bacteria toxin (spores) Anaerobic
Soil and agriculture and honey
Ingestion and dermal
12-36 hrs
Weak muscles, spasms, paralysis, s of b,
Can have wound infection. Infants -honey
Staphloccocus aeureus
Bacteria- toxin
Human reservoir
Cross contamination either through ingestion, wound, or HAI
30m-8 hrs
N,V,D, ab
Ready to eat, deli meats, pastries, sandwiches
Lyme
Bacteria- Borrelia Burgdorferi
Black legged ticks aka deer tickes Ixodes scapularis
Bite from tick
3-30 days
No pattern on back of tick
F,H,fa,erythema migrans or bulls eye rash, can spread to joints, heart and neuro system
West Nile
Virus
Corvid bird species and mainly culex mosquito species
Mosquito bite
2-14 days
Only symptoms in 10% of people
Mild= H, aches, joint pain, V, D, rash, fa, F
Severe= encephalitis or meningitis High F, stiff neck, H, paralysis, coma
Can also infect horses
Chronic Wasting Disease
Prion
Cervids- primarily mule deer
Not known in humans
Don’t eat deer meat
Odd behaviour, stumbling, drooling
Paralytic Shellfish poisoning
Toxin from algae
Shellfish
ingestion
minutes to hours
red tide
tingling, numbness, H, dizziness, difficulty swallowing, loss of speech, stiffness, resp arrest
Giardia lamblia
Parasite (protozoa)
GI and contaminated water
Fecal oral
7-10 days
Ingesting contaminated water or unpasteurized juice or milk
Can be asymptomatic, D, ab, N, fa, bloating
CT 2 ppm for 30 min
Pseudomonas Aeuriginosa
Bacteria
Aerobic and anaerobic (resistant to treatment)
Warm moist environments
Direct contact, inhalation, indirect contact, medical devices
24-72hrs
Common HAI and in hot tubs
Pneumonia, ear infections, rash, folliculitis, itching, redness
Hepatitis A
Virus
Humans
Fecal oral
15-50 days
Contaminated food, water and ppl
Jaundice, N, V, D, ab, F
Vaccine
Hep B
Virus
Blood
Blood or body fluid contact
up to 3 months
sex, needles, birth, blood
can be asymptomatic, F, fa, V, joint pain, jaundice
Vaccine
Hep C
Virus
Blood
BBF
2-12 weeks
Sex, needles, birth, blood
can be asymptomatic, F, fa, V, joint pain, jaundice
No vaccine but there is treatments
Avian Flu
Virus
Wild Birds
Contact with infected birds their feces, urine or items. (NOT person to person)
2-5 days up to 17
working with birds
F, malaise, cough, sore throat, muscle aches
Shigella
Bacteria (multiple species)
GI
Fecal oral
1-3 days up to 7
Contaminated water, food, daycares
D, F, N, ab, V, toxemia
Typhoid
Salmonella typhi bacteria
Humans
FEcal oral
3 days-3 months
water, fruit, shellfish
F, H, fa, cough, rash, constipation or D
Vaccine
Hantavirus
Virus
Deer mice
inhalation of feces/urine of mice
3 days to 2 weeks
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
F, chills, fa, cough, s of b, low bp
Vibrio parahaemolytica
Bacteria
saltwater
ingestion
within 24 hrs
eating raw shellfish
wD, ab, N, V, F, chills
Ciguatera
Algae dinoflagellate toxin ciguatoxin
Reef fish- barracuda, moray eel
Ingestion of fish that has ingested toxin sub-tropical
minutes-24hrs
Initial= N,V,D, ab
Secondary tingling, numbness, sore, temp reversal, fa, H, itchy skin
Scombroid
Histamine in fish
Fish- tuna, mackerel, mahi mahi, sardines
Ingestion
Minutes to hours
Decomposition of fish leading to buildup of histamine
Burning throat, D, dizziness, swelling, H, itchy, palpitations, N
Anisakis
Parasite- worm
Fish and squid
ingestion of raw seafood
hours
nematodes attach to walls of GI
ab, N, V, D, F, allergic reactions
Brucella
Bacteria
Animals-cows
Contact with animals (ingestion, dermal, inhale)
2-4 weeks up to 6 months
F, malaise, anorexia, fa, H, aches
Can lead to endocarditis, arthritis, neurologic symptoms, swelling of liver and spleen
Cyclospora
Parasite
GI tract- water
fecal- oral in water. Not likely person to person due to amount of time takes 1-2 weeks after stool is passed to become infectious
1 week
Produce, unpasteurized juice
wD, ab, N, V,F, fa
Legionella pneumophillia
Bacteria
Warm fresh water
Inhalation of water droplets
Hot tubs, hot water tanks, AC towers, fountains, showers
2-10 days
Legionnaires high fever, chills, cough, pneumonia 1 in 10 die
Pontiac fever F, aches
Amoebiasis
Parasite Entamoeba histolytica
Human GI
fecal-oral
2-4 weeks
not washing hands, food and water
Only 10-20% show symptoms
ab, D, if severe dysentery and F.
Bacillus cereus
Bacteria
soil, water, env
ingestion
30 min-6 hours emetic 6hrs- 24 hrs diarrheal
ingesting starchy foods- rice, pasta
N,V,D,ab
Measles
Virus
Humans
Airborne
11-12 days
Rash, iopik spots, fever, ear infection, cough, conjunctivitis
Exclude 4 days after rash appears
Period of communicability 2 days before symptoms to 4 days after rash
Vaccine
Yersinia enterocolitica
Bacteria
Pork and other animals, unpasteurized milk
Ingestion, fecal oral
4-7 days
Ab, bD, f
Leptospirosis
Bacteria leptospira
Humans and animals
Contact with animals and contaminated food and water, soil
2 days - 4 weeks
Mice, flooding, raccoons
F,h, aches, jaundice, d, ab
