Orthotics Flashcards
Ankle/Foot
external foot orthoses
air cast
AFO
Knee
KAFO
swedish knee cage
braces
Hip
HKAFO
RGO
spinal orthoses
LSO TLSO lumbar corset cerivical -soft collars - philadelphia collar - aspen collar - HALO
external foot orthoses
heel lift:
- for LLD
- used for LLD> 1/2 inch
Heel wedge:
- alter alignment of calcaneus
- -medial: control pronation
- -lateral: control supination
air cast
provides lateral ankle stability
no stabliation of DF or PF
utilized for sprains, pain or instablity
AFO
corrects:
- foot drop
- decrease genu recurvatum
- aids in closed chain stability
consists of foundation and plastic or metal upright
variety of types and degrees of stability
angle at ankle changes function
types of AFO
metal upright solid AFO posterior leaf spring ground reaction AFO articulated AFO with DF spring assist tone reducing spiral AFO
metal upright AFO
shoe, stirrup, ankle joint, calfband, calf closure
subtalar joint stability is dependent on the shoe, shoe wears down and AFO becomes less stable
orthotist can adust joints to provide assitance with DF and control PF
Diabetes M. will be given this for skin integrity
relatively heavy
Solid AFO
biomechanical functions are related to their trimelines:
- ankle is fixed
- flexibility allows DF ROM during alte and terminal stance
- main funciton to prevent foot drop in swing
Ground reaction AFO
sold ankle and pretibial shell
if quad strength is LESS THAN 3-
induce a knee extension moment from mid to terminal stance
articulated AFO
provide PF stop in swing phase
allow closed chain tibial advancement over fixed foot
allow more normalized gait pattern
MUST HAVE SUFFICIENT QUAD STRENGTH
-prevent knee buckling
Dorsi-assit AFO
indicated for FOOT DROP
assit DF in swing phase
allows normal movement for normal mechanics in stance phase
Spiral AFO
allows limitied but not total elimination of movement at ankle joint
plastic is molded to botton of foot and spiraled around calf
allows more flexiblity and is better for some who need sensory feed back during gait
had to adjust
tone-reducing AFO
achieve most appropriate loading possible
decreasing reflexive muscle activation and improving walking pattern
uses metatarsals pad and great toe shelf to take the weight off the met heads while extending toes
CAM walker boot
used to stabilize ankle/ foot after:
- fracture
- cast removal
- sprains and soft-tissue injuries
- stress fractures
- diabetic foot pain
- plantar fasciitis
KAFO
provides more stabilization up the chain for more notable impairments or paralysis
provides knee extension lock in addition to AFO
hinges at knee to allow sitting then locks during standing
swedish knee cage
controls genu recurvatum
MUST HAVE QUAD STRENGTH to prevent buckling
knee braces
lots of variety
can be OTC
limits mobility after injury or sugery
HKAFO
can be unilateral or bilateral
pelvic band added to KAFO to control or prevent hip ABD/ADD or rotation
may add drop ring lock to control hip flexion
VERY ENERGY INEFFICIENT
RGO
reciprocating gait orthosis
used for ambulatory needs of paralyzed children
steps achieved by using:
- hip flexors
- lower abdominals
- trunk extension
cables prevent jackknifing into hip flexion during stance
swing leg pulled forward by cables
LSO
lumbar sacral orthosis
stabilize and prevent movement in lumbar spine
used follwoing compression fracture or surgery
TLSO
extends into thoracic spine
off the shelf options or molded options
braces for spinal compression
jewitt brace
CASH brace
lumbar corset or binder
abdominal compression to improve respiration
increase intraabdominal pressure reduces stress on posterior spinal musculature and diminishes load on discs
long-term reliance can promote atrophy contractures and contracture and psychological dependence
can be used with orthostatic hypotension
soft cervical collar
minimal motion control
reminder to patient
decreases load of supporting head
movement is limited not restricted
philadelphia collar
adds mandibular and occipital extenions for increased immobilizaiton and support of weight of head
window for trach
aspen collar
studier exoskeleton for increased stabilization and more control of motion
window for trach
HALO
most effective means of immobilization of cervical spine
band around head is fixed into skull with screws and attached to thoracic cage via metal uprights
used post injury or surgery that requires very conservative management to not cause spinal cord injury
scoliosis orthoses
prevent curve from increasing
part time wear up to 23 hours a day
milwaukee
- metal frame to support chest
- pads strapped to frame to apply corrective forces
boston
-does not extend as high
