Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards: Equipment and Devices > Orthotics > Flashcards

Orthotics Flashcards

1
Q

Orthosis is a Device Used to:

A
  1. correct malalignment and prevent deformity (additional)
  2. restrict or assist motion
  3. transfer load to improve function
  4. reduce pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Major Impairments Requiring Lower Limb Orthoses

A
  • Congenital
    • CP
    • Spina Bifida
    • Long bone malformations
    • hemophilia
    • osteogenesis imperfecta
    • club foot
    • charcot-marie tooth dx
  • Disease
    • stroke
    • muscular dystrophy
    • arthritis
    • multiple sclerosis
    • Legg-calve-perthes disease
    • Poliomyelitis
  • Trauma
    • SCI
    • fracture
    • TBI
    • Muscle, cartilage, tendon rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Shoes

A

Foundation for orthoses
Reduce pressure areas
Worn with traditional leather orthopedic shoes or with sneakers
Can be internal or external

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Blucher opening

A

Shoe with vamps that open wide apart from anterior margin for ease of application

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Balmoral opening

A

shoe: has stitched down vamps, not suitable for orthotic wear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Foot orthoses - metatarsal pad

A

located posterior to MT heads

move pressure from MT heads to shafts

allow push off in weak or inflexible feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Cushion-heel

A

cushions and absorbs forces at heel strike

used to relieve strain on _plantar fascia in plantar fascitis _

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Heel Spur pad

A

similar to cushion heel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Longitudinal Arch Supports

A

prevent depression of the subtalar joint and _correct for pes planus (flat foot) _

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: UCBL insert

A

“University of California Biomechanics Laboratory” insert
Semirigid plastic molded (casted) insert to correct for flexible pes planus

(1/2-length insert)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Scaphoid pad

A

longitudinal arch support below scaphoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Thomas heel

A

a heel wedge with an extended anterior medial border used to support the longitudinal arch and correct for flexible pes planus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Rearfoot posting

A

alters the position of the subtalar joint STJ or rearfoot from _heel strike to foot flat. _

must be dynamic, control but not eliminate STJ motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Rearfoot posting: Varus Post

(medial wedge)

A

limits or controls EVERSION of calcaneus and IR of tibia after heel strike.

Reduces calcaneal eversion during running.

(pronation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Rearfoot posting: Valgus Post

(lateral wedge)

A

controls the calcaneus and STJ that are excessively inverted and supinated at heel strike.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Forefoot positioning

A

Medial wedge: For forefoot varus
Lateral wedge: For forefoot valgus

CONTRAINDICATED IN INSENSITIVE FOOT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Heel lifts/platform

A

Accommodates for leg-length discrepancy
Can be inside shoe (up to 3/8”) or attached to outer sole

Accommodates for limitation in ankle DF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Rocker bar

A

Located proximal to met heads
Longer, convex met bar
Improves weight shift onto metatarsals and can assist DF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Rocker bottom

A

Builds up sole of the shoe over the met heads and improves push-off in weak or inflexible feet
May also be used with insensitive feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 Components of Ankle Foot Orthosis

A

shoe attachment

ankle control

uprights

proximal leg band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Shoe attachments

foot plate vs, stirrup

A
  • Foot plate:
    • Moulded plastic shoe insert - allows application of the brace before insertion into the shoes, ease of changing shoes of same heel height.
    • Can assist with tone reduction (e.g. extend toes, putting stretch through foot)
  • Stirrup: Metal attachment rivite to sole of shoe
    • Split stirrups allow for shoe interchange, solid stirrups are fixed permanently to the shoe and provide for maximum stability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Ankle controls

Free Motion vs. Solid Ankle vs Limited Motion

A
  • Free motion
    • med-lat stability
    • allows free movement DF and PF
  • Solid ankle:
    • _allows no movement _
    • indicated w/ severe pain or instability
  • Limited Motion
    • _restriction in one or both direction _
    • many types
  • Dorsiflexion Assistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Ankle controls, BiCAAL

A

Bichannel Adjustable Ankle Lock (BiCAAL)

ankle joint w. ant/post channels that can be fit with pins to reduce motion or springs to assist motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Ankle controls - anterior stop

A
  • DF stop
  • Limited ankle DF
  • Can be used to control knee buckling or excessive knee flexion during early stance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Ankle controls - posterior stop

A

PF stop. free dorsiflexion
Limits ankle PF
Can be used to _control for hyperextension _

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Ankle controls - DF assist

A

Spring assist (Klenzak housing): Double upright metal AFO witha single anterior channel for a spring assist to aid DF

Posterior leaf spring (PLS): Plastic AFO that inserts into the shoe. Widely used to prevent foot drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Ankle controls - T straps

A

Control for varus/valgus forces at ankle
Medial strap buckles around lateral upright and corrects for valgus
Lateral strap buckles around medial upright and corrects for varus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Uprights and attachments - Conventional

A

Double metal uprights attached to a calf band, hinged ankle joint allowing PF/DF
Provides max support
Easy to alter if condition on changing (e.g. edema)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Uprights and attachments - Molded

A

Made of molded plastic
Lighter, more cosmetic

CONTRAINDICATED FOR PATIENTS WITH CHANGING LEG VOLUME

30
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Uprights and attachments - Molded - PLS

A

Flexible, narrow posterior shell and functions as DF assist. Holds foot at 90 degrees during swing, displaced during stance, no med/lat stability
Requires pt to have good med/lat stability

31
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Uprights and attachments - Molded - Modified

A

Wider posterior shell
Trimlines just posterior to malleoli
Foot plate includes more of med and lat borders of foot
More med/lat stability

32
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Uprights and attachments - Molded - Solid ankle

A

Widest posterior shell
Trimlines anterior to malleoli
Controls DF, PF, inv, ever

33
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Uprights and attachments - Molded - Spiral

A

Winds around calk
Provides ltd control in all planes

34
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Uprights and attachments - Molded - Floor reaction AFO

A

Assists with knee extn during stance and PF with calf band and/or ankle positioning. Places extension force closer to knee than other AFOs with anterior padded shell.

35
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Uprights and attachments - Specialized patellar-tendon-bearing brim

A

Weight distribution on the patellar shelf similar to PTB prosthetic socket
Reduces WB forces through foot

36
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: AFOs - Uprights and attachments - Specialized tone-reducing orthosis

A

Moulded plastic AFO which applies constant pressure to spastic or hypertonic muscles (PFs, invers)
Snug fit is essential to achieve benefits of reciprocal inhibition

37
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: KAFOs - Hinge joint

A

Hinge joint provides med/lat/hyperextension control
Offset: hinge placed post to WB line - assists extn & stabilizes knee at early stance. May have difficulty on ramps where knee may flex inadvertently.

38
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: KAFOs - Locks

A
  • Drop ring lock - Ring drops over joint when knee in full extn
    • Retention button may be added to hold ring up, permit gait training with knee unlocked
  • Pawl lock with bail release - The pawl is a spring-loaded posterior lever/ring that allows the pt to unlock the knee by pulling up or hooking the pawl on the back of a chait and pushing it up.
    • Adds bulk and may unlock inadvertently with posterior knee pressure.
39
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: KAFOs - Knee stability

A

Sagittal stability acheived by straps to provide posteriorly directed force.
Anterior strap (e.g. knee cap) attaches by 4 buckles to metal uprights. May restrict sitting, increasing difficulty in donning.
Pretibial, suprapatellar or both.

Frontal controls (genu varum/valgum) - posterior plastic shell.
Older braces use valgum (medial) or varum (lateral) correction straps which buckle around opposite upright. Less effective than shell.
40
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: KAFOs - Thigh bands

A

Quadrilateral or ischial WB brim: reduces WB through limb
Patten bottom: Distal attachment added to keep foot off the floor - provides 100% unweighting of limb, lift is required on opposite side. Used for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.

41
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: KAFOs - Craig-Scott

A

Specialized KAFO
Designed specifically for people with paraplegia
Allows person to stand with posterior trunk lean

Shoe attachments with reinforced foot plates, BiCAAL ankles joints set in slight DF, pretibial band, pawl locks with bail release and single thigh band.

42
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: KAFOs - Oregon orthotic system

A

Combination of plastic and metal components allows for triplanar control (sagittal, frontal and transverse)

43
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: KAFOs - Fracture braces

A

A KAFO designed with a calf or thigh shell that encompasses the fracture site and provides support

44
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: FES

A

If pt has full ROM and good functional endurance can use FES.
In ltd use for foot drop and scoliosis.

45
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Standing frames

A

Allos standing without crutches
May be stationary or attached to a wheeled base

46
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Parapodium

A

Allows standing without crutches
Also allows for ease in sitting with addition of hip and knee joints that can be unlocked (e.g. for kids with myelodysplasia).
Walking achieved by rocking base across the floor.
Primarily used by kids.

47
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Swedish knee cage

A

Provides mild control for knee hyperextension

(pad at pop fossa attached to a suprapatellar and pretibial pad)

48
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: HKAFOs - Hip joint

A

Metal hinge joint
Controls abd/add/rotation
Controls hip flecion when locked
Typically with drop ring lock
Orthosis is heavy, locked hip restricts gait pattern to either swing-to or swing-through

49
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: HKAFOs - Pelvic attachments

A

Leather covered metal pelvic band attaches HFAFO to pelvis between greater troch and iliac crest
Adds to difficulting in donning and doffing
As weight and increases overall energy expenditure during ambulation

50
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: THKAFOs - RGO

A

Trunk band added HKAFO
Reciprocating gait orthosis:
Plastic molded solid ankle with locked knees, plastic thight shells, hip joint with pelvic and trunk bands.
Hips connectedd by steel cables which allow for a preciprocal gait pattern (either 4 or 2 point)
_When pt leans fwd on supporting hip it forces it into extension while the opposite leg is pushed into flexion. _
Allows limb advancement.

51
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Denis Browne splint

A

Bar that connects two shoes which can swivel
To correct club foot or pes equinovarus in young children

52
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Frejka pillow

A

Keeps hips abducted
Used for hip dysplasia or other conditions with tight adductors in young children

53
Q

Lower-Limb Orthoses: Toronto hip abduction orthosis

A

Abducts the hip with rigid bar
Used in treatment of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

54
Q

Spinal Orthoses: Corset

A

Made of fabric, may have metal uprights within material
Provides abnominal compression
Increases intra-abdominal pressures
Assists respiration in people with SCI
Releives pain in mid-low back disorders
SIJ support (e.g. pregnancy)

55
Q

Spinal Orthoses: LSO - Knight brace

A

Flexion, extension and lateral control
Includes pelvic and thoracic bands to anchor orthosis with two posterior uprights, two lateral uprights and an anterior corset

56
Q

Spinal Orthoses: LSO - Plastic lumbosacral jacket

A

Provides max support by spreading forces over larger area
More cosmetic but hotter

57
Q

Spinal Orthoses: TLSO - Taylor brace

A

Controls flexion and extension through 3-pt design
Includes components of a LS FEL (Knight) with addition of axillary shoulder straps to limit upper trunk flexion

58
Q

Spinal Orthoses: TLSO - Plastic thoracolumbosacral jacket

A

Provides max support and controls all motions
Used for people recovering from SCI
Allows early mobilization and functional training

59
Q

Spinal Orthoses: TLSO - Jewett

A

Limits flexion but encourages hyperextension (lordosis)
Used for compression fractures of the spine

60
Q

Spinal Orthoses: Cervical - Soft collar

A

Minimal contol
For CxSp pain, whiplash

61
Q

Spinal Orthoses: Cervical - Four-poster orthosis

A

Two plates - occipital and thoracic
Two anterior and two posterior posts to stabilize head
For moderate control in people with fracture or SCI

62
Q

Spinal Orthoses: Cervical - Halo orthosis

A

Attaches to skull by screws
4 uprights connect from halo to thoracic band or plastic jacket
Full restriction of all CxSp motion
Provides max control for people with CxSp fracture/SCI
Allows for early mobilization/functional training
Pt will wear halo until spine becomes stable

63
Q

Spinal Orthoses: Cervical - Minerva orthosis

A

Rigid plastic
Uses forehead band without screws
Max control of cervical motions

64
Q

Spinal Orthoses: Specialized - Milwaukee orthosis

A

CTLSO
Controls scoliosis
Has molded plastic jacket, 1 anterior & 2 posterior uprights attaching to neck/chest ring
Pads and straps used to apply pressure to areas of convexity
Bulky, less cosmetic
May be used for all kyphotic and scoliotic curves of 40deg or less

65
Q

Spinal Orthoses: Specialized - Boston orthosis

A

TLSO
Low profile plastic orthosis for scoliosis
More cosmetic
Can be worn under clothing
Used for mid-thoracic of lower scoliosis curves of 40deg or less
Also used to treat spondylolisthesis and condtions of severe trunk weakness (e.g. MD)

66
Q

Upper Limb Orthoses: Resting “cock-up” splint

A

Palmar splint
Positions wrist in and hand in functional position
- Wrist can be held in neutral or 10-20deg extn
- Fingers supported, all phalanges slightly flexed, thumb in partial opposition and abduction
- For pts with RA, carpal #s, Colle’s #, carpal tunnel, stroke with paralysis etc

67
Q

Upper Limb Orthoses: Dorsal wrist splint

A

Frees palm for feeling and grasping by use of grips which curve around over the 2nd and 5th met heads
Allows for the attachment of dorsal devices (e.g. rubber bands) to make it a dynamic device

68
Q

Upper Limb Orthoses: Airplane splint

A

Positions arm in 90deg abduction, 90deg elbow flxn
Weight of outstretch arm born on padded lateral trunk bar and iliac crest band
A strap holds device across trunk
Use to immobilize shoulder after # or injury when strapping to chest is not desirable or with burns

69
Q

Upper Limb Orthoses: Wrist-driven prehension orthosis

A

“Flexor hinge orthosis”
Assists pt in using wrist extensors to produce grip in absence of active flexion
e.g. facilitates tenodesis grasp with quadriplegia

70
Q

Upper Limb Orthoses: Motor driven flexor hinge orthosis

A

Complex control system which allows for grasp
Not in widespread use

Boards: Equipment and Devices (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions